1700: part of grant to Cape VOC GovernorSimon van der Stel by VOC Commissioner Wouter Valkenier
1792: grant to J.A. Rauch
1792: A.G.H. Teubes – Thibault employed to work on homestead (completed 1796)
1797 / 1799: J.F. Herwig
1798: J.C. Loos
1802: P.M. Eksteen
1849 / 1851: S.V. Eksteen
1883: Colonial Government
1883: house used as asylum which later moves to Valkenberg
1885: occupied by J.S. Lister
1888: Porter Reformatory
1890: Porter Reformatory building designed by Herbert Baker
1923: Porter School Hostel built using Table Mountain sandstone
1967: school house built by boys of the school
1984: stone church declared National Monument
History
1700: part of grant toCape VOC Governor Simon van der Stel by VOC Commissioner Wouter Valkenier
1792: land granted to J.A. Rauch
JOHANN ANDREASRAUCH (from Narwa); born 13 September 1731, son of locksmith Johannes Andreas R. & Anna Dorothea Schmidt [W. Schmidt, p. 149]; arrives 1758 as soldier, gunlock-maker 1760-63, head of armoury (1764-74), superintendent at Schuur (since 1775); buys (1792) farm Tokai & builds dwelling-house which still exists; marries 8 January 1764 Magdalena Heydenreich; 7 children [GMR 1758-89; Rqq, 1788: 61 & C 289, p. 88; GR nr. 753; Test. CJ 1186: 21; P.W. Laidler, A Tavern of the Ocean, p. 200]
1792: sold to A.G.H.Teubes –Thibault employed to work on homestead
ANDREAS GEORG HEINRICHTEUBES (from Wolfenbüttel); arrives 176 9 as soldier, wagon-driver (1769-71), burgher (1775); physician at Cape Town, surgeon of militia; marries (1stly) 22 January 1775 Josina Catharina von Wielligh; marries (2ndly) 17 April 1791 Anna Catharina Bosman; 7 children; youngest, Jacobus, baptised Lutheran Church (1793), not mentioned in GR; dies 28 July 1807 (aged 61) [GMR I769-71; Rq. 1775: 1; GR nr. 959; Test. CJ 1102: 77] – 1796: homestead completed
1797 / 1799: sold to J.F. Herwig
JOHANN FRIEDRICHHERWIG,[signature – CJ 1252: 3] (from Groszhurschla); arrives 1774 as soldier; burgher (1791); marries 29 August 1784 Clara Catharina Kempf (see Johann Andreas Thomas Kempf); children: Clara Christina (28 August 1785), Ludowica Catharina Frederica (22 January 1797); illegitimate son, Johannes Frederik, by Johanna Jacoba Jürgens of the C. (born 1784, baptised 15 January 1786); dies 25 July 1800 (aged 49) [GMR 1780-89; Rq. C 288, p. 663]
1798: sold to J.C. Loos
JOHANN CASPARLOOS (from Eisenach, Saxony); arrives 1775 as soldier; burgher (1777); fire-master; owner of 2 ships, which he uses for whaling; asks (1794) for 12 morgen ground at Baas Harmens Kraal for cultivation of indigo; marries 13 June 1779 Anna Rotteveel, wid. Johannes Daniel; dies 7 November 1802 (aged 50) [GMR 1776-77; Rq. 1777: 67; C 217, p. 563; Test. CJ 1103: 41; Test. OC 48: 3]; his nephews are Johann Caspar Harsheim, Johannes Keer, Johann Heinrich Zinn
1802: sold to P.M. Eksteen
Petrus Michiel Ektsteen son of Hendrik Oostwald Eksteen & Elisabeth Scholtz; grandson of Petrus Michiel Eksteen (1728-1799) & Sophia Cloete; marries 28 December 1800 Hester Anna Cloete baptized 19 August 1781; daughter of Hendrik Cloete Jr. (1758- 1818) & Anna Catharina Scheller; granddaughter of Sebastiaan Valentyn Scheller & Gesina Franck
g1 Hendrik Oostwald Eksteen baptized 20 December 1801; marries Cape Town 11 August 1834 AlettaMargaretha Pallas
g2 Anna Catharina Eksteen (1805-1886); marries William Duckitt (1795-1844) baptized Duckett but known as Duckitt; son of William Duckitt (1768-1825) (from Waylands Farm, Esher, Surrey, England) & Mary Whitbread (1775-1843) (from Dugdale Hill, South Mimms, Middlesex, England); 1804: accompanies mother to England; 1820: father transfers Pampoenvlei to him; 1825: inherits Klaver Valley; Justice of the Peace (until (1850)
g3 Petrus Michiel Eksteen baptised 9 March 1806
g4 Petrus Michiel Eksteen baptised 5 June 1808
g5 Elisabeth Hendrika Jacomina Eksteen baptised 29 April 1810
g6 Hermanus Arnoldus Eksteen born 24 May 1812; baptised 27 March 1814
g7 Hester Anna Eksteen
g8 Elizabeth Hendrina Helena Eksteen born 24 August 1816; baptised 20 October 1816; marries Diederik Frederik Pallas
g9 Jacob Pieter Eksteen born 23 July 1817; baptised Cape Town 7 September 1817
g10 Geesje Wilhelmina Eksteen born 8 March 1819; baptised 9 May 1819
g11 Johannes (Jan) Paulus Eksteen
g12 Sebastiaan Valentyn Eksteen
1849 / 1851: sold to S.V. Eksteen
1883: acquired by Colonial Government
1883: house used as asylum which later moves to Valkenberg
1885: occupied by J.S. Lister
1888: reformatory
1890: Porter Reformatory building designed by Herbert Baker
1923: Porter School hostel built using Table Mountain sandstone
1967: school house built by boys of the school
1984: stone church declared a National Monument
Notes:
* combination of H & U-shaped plans
* facade of homestead is particularly interesting
* gable regarded as one of earliest square pedimented gables (becoming fashionable after 1840)
* front door has drop fanlight, fluted pilasters & classical architrave
* bell tower of similar design to homestead’s gable
* (1884-1905) exotic trees planted which now form core of Tokai Arboretum declared National Monument (1984) & now Provincial Heritage Site
* Tokai Manor House – National Monument & now Provincial Heritage Site
Nademaal Estienne Barbier geboortig van nabij Orleans geweesene Sergeant ten deesen Casteele oud 40 jaaren, thans ‘S Heeren gevangen buijten pijn of dwang van banden, van ijsers, dan wel de minste bedreijging van dien, vrijwillig heeft beleeden, ende ook uijt verscheijde Stucken Sonne klaar is gebleeken
Dat hij gevangen sig niet ontsien heeft, tusschen den 24e en 25e Maart des gepasseerden jaars desselfs arrest te violeeren, met des avonds omtrent te Thien uuren uijt het Casteel te vlugten, begeevende sig vervolgens agter het voornd: Casteel, alwaar hij volgens genoomene afspraak op hem vond wagtende den insgelijx gedeserteerdenTamboerNicolaas Wijs, met dewelke hij gevangen het Strand Langs naar de rogge baaij ging, alwaar sij sig met haar beijden in Seekere Schuijt van het schip Padmos hebben begeeven, dewelke volgens het seggen van den gevangen door voorn[oemde]: Tamboer aldaar besorgd was, met welke Schuijt zij direct naar het ter dier tijd ter deeser Rheede geleegen hebbende schip Reijgersbroek zijn gevaaren, keerende hij gevangen soo dra zijn gemelte Makker op het voor:[oemt] Schip geklommen was, met de geme:[elte] schuijt naar de wal te rugge, en heeft hij sig voorts begeeven naar de plaats de Roode blom genaemt, alwaer denselven sig een Nagt ophield, sijnde hij gevangen vervolgens van daar gegaan naer draakensteijn bij de weed[uw]e: Cellier, op welkers plaats hij sig tot den Laatsten Februarij deeses jaars heeft opgehouden, zijnde het ook aldaer geweest dat hij gevangen een begin heeft gemaakt met proeven te geeven van zijn quaadaardigen oproermaakenden Imborst, gemerkt hij voor Sommige Luijden dewelke van de Landtogt te huijs gekoomen waaren en vee van de Hottentotten geruijlt hadden, seeker geschrift daar toe dienende heeft opgesteld, en wijders nog zijn persoon soo door Brieven als bij Monde aan een ijder voorgedraegen, om haar in alle haare quaede behandelingen te Maintineeren en de behulpsaame hand te bieden, gelijk hij dan ook op den 23e: of 24 Februarij deeses jaars met neegen of Thien der gemelde persoonen sig bevindende op de plaats van eenen Johannes Ras aan de paarel geleegen, met deselve niet alleen over hunne soo genaemde belangen heeft geraadpleegt, maar haar daar en booven ook het voorn[oemd]e: geschrift inhoudende atroce injurien teegens den Land-drostPieter Lourensz: heeft doen onderteijkenen, daar toe alle persuasive middelen gebruijkende, hebbende hij gevangen insgelijx in die onwettige vergaaderingh het woord gevoert, en die Luijden aangeraeden om het gen:[oemde] schriftuur met de daar in geinsereerde Calumnien aan den Agtb[a]re: Raad van Justitie deeses gouvernements te presenteeren, het welk dan ook niet teegenstaande die menschen bevreest waaren om het selve Caabwaarts te brengen, op het sterk aanmaenen van hem gevangen door boovengemelde Johannes Ras als eerste onderteekenaar is geschied.
Dat hij gevangen en bij hebbend geselschap terwijl bij de te rug komst van gemelte Johannes Ras van de Caab op dat ingelevert geschrift geen antwoord gekreegen hadden, aanstonds wel heeft kunnen begreijpen dat het overgeleverde request van die verwagte uijtslag niet was geweest, als wel gewenscht en sig ingebeeld hadde, waarom met den anderen beslooten en goed gevonden hebben, dat zijlieden om aan te thoonen dat verre dat zij ongelijk souden hebben, hun daar en teegens door voormelden LanddrostPieter Lourensz: door het laaten weghaalen van haar vee ongelijk was aangedaan, hun belangen en klagten op het paepier bij form van waarschouwing of advies soo den gevangen het noemt, te ontwerpen, schrijven en vervolgens aan de weereld publicq te maaken, op welkers resultaat dan ook voor den dag is gekoomen dat groot fameus geschrift, met behulp van den dood geschootene burger Pletsholt opgesteld, en door hem gevangen in het net afgeschreeven, en het welk den Titul gegeeven is van advis van groote importantie, met welk oproerig geschrift na dat onder algemeene toestemming geresolveerd was het selve gewaepender hand aan te placken, hij gevangen neevens seeven gewaapende persoonen te paard, en een ongewaapent te voet de Stoutheijd gehad heeft, op een Sondag Morgen zijnde geweest den eersten Maart jongstleeden, onder het verrigten van den Godsdienst te koomen voor de kerkdeur van draakensteijn, en dat oproerig geschrift als doen voor de daar uijt gaande menschen dewelke om sulx te hooren door sijn bijhebbend gewaapent volk aengehouden wierden in het openbaar te Leesen, zijnde het selve daar na aldaar aangeplakt, bij welk Schriftuur of soo genaemd advijs van groote Importantie behalven de daar in gevonden werdende strafbaare injurieuse uijtdruckingen teegens de Regeering alhier, hij gevangen nog wel soo vermetel is geweest van aan deese goede Ingeseetenen te verbieden aan d’ E[dele] Comp[agni]e: te betaalen ‘s Heeren geregtigheijd gelijk ook de recognitie penningen voor het vernieuwen van veeposten, voorts Vat en Erfpagt geld, mitsgader: andere ‘S Comp[agnie]s: inkomsten, voor dat d’ ordres van de Heeren Seeventhienen waaren gekoomen onder voorgeeven dat die ordres alhier in veelen deelen wierden overtreeden, soo meede dat de prijs op ‘S. E.[dele] Comp[agnie]s: pakhuijs goederen jaarlijx verhoogt, daar en teegens die van de ingeougste en geleverde graanen soo van koorn, boonen, en Erweeten, weederom verlaagt, en in prijs vermindert wierden, door welk gedoente hij gevangen gesogt heeft de gemeente alhier op eene sinistre en gantsch strafbaare wijse teegens haare wettige overigheijd op te roijen, en was het hem moogelijk geweest dit Land in oproer te brengen, zijnde hij gevangen neevens zijne adherenten na de aanplacking van meergem[el]te: Schriftuur en ook na teegens de omstanders nog gesegt te hebben, dat het ter needer gestelde in dat geschrift de waerheijd was, en sulx met verclaaringen soude kunnen werden beweesen, daar van daan eerst na de plaats van David Senecal, en vervolgens naar Philip Minnaar weg gereeden.
Dat hij gevangen hem insgelijx niet ontsien heeft op den 16de der gepasseerde maand Maart seeker placcaat dat hier op tot stuijting van dat werk en om deese goede Ingeseetenen tot haar pligt te brengen was geEmaneert en voorts aan de Kerkdeur van draakensteijn geaffigeert, van daar af te rukken, voorgeevende egter zulx met geen quaad opset of uijt stoutigheijd gedaan te hebben, maar alleen om het selve des te gemakkelijker te konnen Leesen, om dat hij gevangen met zijn bijhebbend geselschap het selve Leesen wilden bij eenen Johannes Ras en sig wijders over dies inhoude moesten beraaden, al eer zij hun konde begeeven na de plaats van den Heemraad Hendrik van der Merwe daar zij versogt waaren te willen verschijnen, zijnde dat placcaat door hem gevangen ‘s daags daar aan weederom ter plaatse daar hij het van afgenoomen had, aangeplakt, en heeft hij gevangen alschoon bij voormeld placcaat voogelvrij verclaard was, nogtans de assurantie gehad van met zijn gantsch gewaepend Complot sig vervolgens op den 17de Maart des morgens heel vroeg te begeeven na de plaats van gesegde HeemraadHendrik van der Merwe, alwaar omtrent een Snaphaen Schoot van het huijs daar zij uijt vrees van agterhaalt of gevangen genoomen te werden halte hielden, en sig vervolgens door het seggen van hem gevangenNeen kinderen het is geen swaarigheijd, want wij ben goed gewaapent aangemoedigt zijnde, hebben opgehouden, bij haarlieden gekoomen zijn eenige Heemraeden dewelke haar versogten om in huijs te willen koomen, daar zij dan met malkanderen spreeken souden, waar op hij gevangen aan de sig daar bevindende Heemraedendewelke ordre van de Regeering hadden, om met de boovengen[oemd]e: vee ruijlders te spreeken, en de klagten die zijlieden souden inbrengen te hooren, om als dan daar van aan de Regeering alhier Rapport te doen, het volgende drijgement gedaan, en haar dus aangesprooken heeft: bij aldien gijlieden niet naar regten te werk gaat, ik sal jouw en huijsen verbranden maar vrouw en kinderen sal ik genaedig worden; na het welk den gevangen met zijn bijhebbend volk bevoorens nog teegens de Heemraeden gesegt hebbende, dat zij souden hebben te ondersoeken wie dat gelijk of ongelijk hadde, weederom daar van daan is weg gereeden, hebbende vervolgens die menschen altoos bij sig dog meest gewaapent gehouden, om sig van deselve bij alle voorvallende toevallen het zij dat men hem aandoen of gevangen neemen wilde te bedienen tot desselfs defensie, sulx dat het aan hem gevangen niet gemancqueert heeft om die onweetende en onnoosele menschen ongelukkig te maaken, en deselve tot het uijtvoeren van deese of geene violente saaken te doen vervallen.
Dat hij gevangen in desselfs boosaardigheijd voortvaarende ook nog wel soo arrogant heeft durven zijn, van opene brieven opgevult met alderhande injurieuse Expressien te ontwerpen, en op de weegen buijten in ‘t Land te strooijen, om daar door een beroerte onder de gemeente te verwekken, en onder anderen een g’intituleert publicq Loopende brief, gedateerd den 22e Maert deeses jaars, waar in hij gevangen aan zijn makkers soo als hij deselve komt te noemen wel positief waarschouwt, om geene gehoorsaemheijd te bewijsen aan den Heer Independt: FiscaalM[agiste]r.Daniel van den Henghel ter dier Tijd het gesag gevoerd hebbende, als meede niet aan den Land-drostPieter Lourensz:, beloovende aan de geene die deese zijne ordres souden koomen op te volgen tot een recognitie dat sij souden te hoopen hebben om haare plaatsen die sij van d’E[dele] Comp:[agnie] in Leening besaaten, daar door in eijgendom te sullen verkrijgen, als ook drie rijxdaalds: voor het drillen, het geen zijlieden ‘S jaarlijx alhier gewoon zijn te doen volgens de Hoog geEerde ordres van onse HeerenMajores selfs, hebbende boovens dien nog een Schriftuur van sig Laaten afgaan onder den Titul van aan alle de afrikaenders gebroedsels (willende seggen gebroeders) gedagteekent den 31sten Julij deeses jaars, bij het welke hij gevangen meede veel faemroovende uijtdrukkingen gebruijkt hebbende teegens voornoemde Heer Van Den Henghel en gesegden Land-drost, voorts bij sig op het spoedigst komt te ontbieden alle de geene die haare plaatsen verlaaten hadden met belofte dat hij hun haar versuijmden Tijd Soude doen betaalen, met bijvoeging dat hij sulx uijt Naem ende van weegens de Heeren Staaten Generaalonse Hoogste Souvereijnen, en d’ HeerenMajores onse gebieders was verrigtende, booven het welke hij gevangen nog heeft uijtgestrooijt en selfs geschreeven, dat wanneer het onse heeren en Meesteren mogte behaagt hebben den Heer Independent Fiscaal M[agiste]r.Daniel Van Den Henghel tot Gouverneur deeser plaatse aan te stellen, hij gevangenzijn E:[dele] als dan uijt dit Casteel soude verjaagt hebben, en heeft hij gevangen voorts om nog meer blijken te geeven van desselfs wrevelmoedigen imborst booven dit alles nog op een clandestine en sinistre wijse sonder qualificatie na het gedoente van een ijder enquesten gedaan, gelijk ook waar in de Inkomsten en voordeelen van ‘S Comp[agnie]s: dienaaren waaren bestaande, koomende dan uijt dit alles te blijken dat hij gevangen sig in den hoogsten graad schuldig gemaakt heeft aan de volgende Enorme misdaeden,
Eerstelijk aan aufugie en violatie van desselfs arrest;
Ten Tweeden aan het crimen Læsæ Majestatis ofte perduellionis;
Ten derden aan het oproijen en opsetten van Sommige der Landwaarts in woonende menschen teegens haare wettige overigheijd;
Ten vierden aan het opmaeken en aenplacken van Doemwaerdige placaaten en andere Schriftuuren Streckende tot disrespect van deselve overigheijd en ook om hier alles in rep en Roer te brengen;
Ten vijfden aan het opontbieden van gewaepent volk om zijne wettige overigheijd te Ledeeren en teegen te staan, ende sulx nog onder het valschelijk voorgeeven dat hij dit deed uijt Naam ende van weegens de Heeren Staaten Generaal onse Hoogste Souvereijnen, en Heeren Majores onse gebieders;
Ten sesden aan aanraedinge dat deese gemeente de gewoonelijke Schattingen aan den Heer van het Land niet betaalen souden, met belofte als dan van belooningen en præmien, voorts zijne overigheijd ofte eenige Leeden derselver met fameuse Libellen te injurieeren, en na de inkomsten en voordeelen van de bediendens sonder ordre te inquireeren;
En ten Laatsten aan voorgenoomene brandstigting, Moord, plondering, oproer en Roof, en dit alles uijt een ongehoorde wrevelmoedigheijd, onder het belaggelijk voorwendsel dat hij het een en ander deed om de parthij van de Heeren Seeventhienen en van de Ingeseetenen voor te staan.
Ende gemerkt sulke ongehoorde grouweldaeden in een Land daar Regt en justitie geoeffent word sonder oogluijking ten afschrik van andere diergelijke Booswigten, oproermaakers, faemroovers en stoorders van de algemeene Rust exemplairlijk moeten werden gestraft;
Soo is het dat den E:[dele] Agtbaaren Raad van Justitie des casteels de goede Hoop ten daage dienende gesien en overwoogen hebbende den Schriftelijken crimineelen Eijsch en conclusie van den Heer Independent Fiscaal M[agiste]r. daniel van Den Henghelnomine officii op ende jeegens den gevangen gedaan ende genoomen, mitsgadrs: geleth op des gevangens eijgene Libere confessie behoorlijk gerecolleert, en het geene wijders ter saake dienende was en haar E[dele] E:[dele] Agtbaarheedens konde doen moveeren, doende Regt uijt Naam ende van weegens de Hoogh Moogende Heeren Staaten Generaal der Vrije verEenigde NeederLanden, den gevangen Estienne Barbier hebben gecondemneert soo als haar E[dele] Agtbns: denselven condemneeren mits deesen, omme gebragt te werden ter plaatse alwaar men alhier gewoon is, crimineele Sententien te Executeeren, en aldaar den Scherpregter overgeleevert en op een cruijs gebonden zijnde de Regterhand en het Hoofd afgekapt, en vervolgens gevierendeelt te worden, Sullende het Hoofd en de Hand op een pen geset, op de Roode Sands cloof geplaatst, mitsgadrs: de vier andere quartieren op vier differente plaatsen langs de meest gepasseerd werdende weegen opgehangen werden ten proije van de lugt en voogelen des heemels met condemnatie in de costen en misen van justitie; ontseggende den Raad het verdere of anders geEijschte van den heer officer.
Aldus gedaan ende gesententieert in’t Casteel de Goede Hoop den 12de November 1739, mitsgaders gepronuntieert ende geExecuteerd den 14de daar aan volgende.
Estiénne / Steven Barbier (Bazoches, Orléanais, France 1699– Cape of Good Hope 1739) – rebellious, fugitive French-born VOC sergeant & renegade or social bandit executed at the Cape of Good Hope whose body parts are displayed in public throughout colony as deterrents. From Bazoches near Orléans [present-day Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] in France where he is born (1699), he lives in Zeeland before joining VOC as a soldier. Departs (8 June 1734) aboard ‘t Huys te Rijnsburg for the Cape of Good Hope, arriving there (31 October 1734) but soon lands himself in trouble. Placed under civil arrest (May 1735) for drunken behaviour & slanderingLieutenant Rudolf Sigfrid Alleman. A 2nd (coinciding) civil case is made against him, this time for slandering Godfried Lodewijk Kok. He is appointed (21 June 1735) sergeant: Steven Barbier sergeant a ƒ20 in de plaets. His contempt of court at the conclusion of the Kok-case results in him being jailed (21 days in the Castle De Goede Hoop’s Donker Gat). His sentence is thereafter extended and a further conviction ensues following Alleman-case. Escapes (24 / 25 March 1738). Initially hoping to stow away back to Patria, he flees to Drakenstein [Paarl] where he is given refuge by Huguenotrefugee Elisabeth Couvret (1676-1766), widow of Josué Cilliers (1667-1721) (from Orléanais) & stammoeder of Cilliers family in South Africa, & other burghers. Journeys (August 1738) into interior with Hendrik Ras & other Cape-born farmers (mostly young knechts (‘foremen’) acting as managers (knechts) on the buijtenplaetsen (‘loan farms’) in employ of older, richer & entrenched patrician-type Stellenbosch & Drakenstein burghers) becoming implicated in trekboer grievances on the frontier recently exacerbated by their livestock (some also obtained in illegal trade with Cape indigenes as well as livestock retrieved as well as booty captured in retaliation to Bushmen marauders) being confiscated by Council of Policy under an ostensibly Quena-friendly fiscal & acting governor Daniel van den Henghel – at that time in a gubernatorial power struggle with Cape-born Quena-intolerant rival Hendrik Swellengrebel Sr.who soon thereafter formally appointed Cape governor – following controversial self-serving raid on Quena in Roggeveld, Bokkeveld & Namaqualand. Disgruntled burghers lodge formal complaints by way of memorial (requesten) with Council of Policy complaining about LanddrostPieter Lourens. Hendrik Swellengrebel Sr.passes buck by referring grievances back to Landdrost Lourens. Barbier & followers retaliate by nailing Luther-like (1 March 1739), grievances entitled Avis van groot importentie on the church door at Drakenstein. Barbier is declared an outlaw (vogelvrij) with followers summoned before landdrost. Given Barbier’s popularity and fear of increasing civil disobedience Council of Policy opt (21 March 1739) not to pursue Barbier violently & offer amnesty to any followers who help to secure his arrest. Swellengrebel is finally formally sworn in (14 April 1739) as Cape governor. Barbier’s 15 followers pardoned by Council of Policy on condition they participate in VOC-sanctioned punitive commando against Bushmen – one less compliant follower, however, illegitimate Cape-born Arnoldus Johannes Basson (1702-1742), is later banished (1740) for aiding & abetting Barbier. Meanwhile, Barbier evades capture for a few months more but manages to write two more inflammatory letters urging insurrection against corrupt Cape colonial administration. Taken into custody (9 September 1739) at Roode Zand (Tulbagh) & placed again in the Donker Gat., sentenced to death (12 November) by being bound to a cross having right hand chopped off & body quartered for impalement & public display in four corners of the colony. Sentence carried out (14 November 1739). Head & right hand displayed at de Roodesands Cloof & other four parts on colony’s highways [Christopher C. Saunders, (ed.), An Illustrated Dictionary of South African History (Ibis Books & Editorial Services cc, Sandton, 1994); Dorothea van Zyl, Estienne Barbier, renegaat en romanfiguur, in die lig van die storie, historie en historiografie (University of Stellebosch); W. J. de Kock (hoofred.): Suid-Afrikaanse Biografiese Woordeboek I; CA: C J. 344 Kriminele Prosesstukke, 1739 V, ongedateer, geen paginering; George McCall Theal (ed.), Belangrijke Historische Dokumenten I (Barbier: lasterskrif, ongedateer), pp. 1-4; CA: C 683 Origineel Placcaat Boek, 4.3.1739, pp. 19-23; M. K. Jeffreys & S. D. Naude (reds.): Kaapse Plakkaatboek II (4.3.1739), pp. 163-165.
Martinus / Marthinus Bergh (1696-1741) – son of Olof Bergh & Anna de Coning; baptised 2 November 1696; April 1711: soldier; October 1714: clerk in secretarie of Council of Justice; December 1720: bookkeeper & adjunk to fiscal; 30 September 1721: succeeds Jacob Voet as landdrost at Stellenbosch & Drakenstein; 8 December 1722: memorial (memorie): request to become junior merchant granted (January 1728) returns to Castle winkelier; December 1729: orphan master (weesmeester); May 1735: member of Council of Justice; 1 October 1737: member of Council of Policy; merchant (koopman); dies Cape December 1741 [Dictionary of South African Biography, vol. III, p. 63]; marries 20 August 1719 Catharina Ley daughter of Michael Ley (from Basle, Switzerland) & Engela Breda [Note: her brother Nicolaas Ley marries Jacoba Christina de Wet (daughter of Christina Bergh & Jacobus de Wet (from Amsterdam)]
d1 Olof Martin(i) Bergh(1722-1785) baptised 25 April 1722; 1748: Bergh (Oloff Martini); of C.[ape] of G.[ood] Hope; enters service (1737) as midshipman (adelborst); bookkeeper (1742); petitions (1742) for Lutheran church at Cape; asks for rank & pay of Junior merchant (Also 1750, no. 38.) (no. 68) [H.C.V. Leibbrandt, Précis of the Archives of the Cape of Good Hope, vol. 1, p. 81]; 1748 chief clerk in office of Council of Policy; & in April last made 1st sworn clerk at Political Secretariat; 1751 merchant appointed member of Council of Justice & representative of Council of Policy; captain of horse; 1756 secretary to Council of Policy; 1771 acting Independent Fiscal; 1779 market-master & commissioner of Council of Justice; 1781 president of council of civil & marriage affairs; 1783 resigns due to ill health rejecting post president of Orphan Chamber; 1785 senior merchant; succeeded by kinsman (1st cousin once removed) merchantOloff Gotlieb de Wet as secretary & market-master; dies 1785 [Dictionary of South African Biography, vol. II, p. 53-54] Geo Forster says in his Voyage round the world 1, 74, bem: Mr. Bergh, the secretary, a man of science, of a noble philosophic turn of mind, with a family who distinguish Themselves in every bodily and mental accomplishment above the whole rising generation of the Cape. M. Bergh, Councillor & Secretary in the Cape / lid & sekretaris van die Raad van Justisie in die Kaap; 1742: Bergh (Oloff, Martini); son of the late Merchant Martinus Bergh, & Catharina Leij; asks for Veniam aetatis. (Signature attached.) (no. I); 1745: Bergh (Olof Martini); Bookkeeper; wishes to remit money (& 1749, No. 20). (No. 14); Bergh (Olof Martini); bookkeeper; wishes to remit (and 1748, no. 23.) (no. 30); 1748: Bergh (Oloff Martini); of the C. of G. Hope; entered the service in 1737 as adelborst; made bookkeeper in 1742; & in April last made first sworn clerk at the Political Secretariat; asks for the rank & pay of Junior merchant. (Also 1750, no. 38.) (no. 68); 1751: Bergh (Oloff Martini); wishes to remit. (no. 27); 1753: Bergh (Oloff Martini); wishes to remit. (no. 26); 1753: Bergh (Oloff); Burgher Cornet. Holds on loan a place called Bergh’s Hope, at the point of the Lange Berg. Asks for it in freehold, & is prepared to pay, besides the Annual recognition of Rds. 24, the sum of Rds. 200. (no. 83) 1762 – 1763: Bergh (Oloff Martini); merchant; Member & Secretary of Policy; & Tobias Christian Ronnenkamp, 1st sworn clerk at the Secretariat; agents of the repatriated ex-burgher Councillor, Hendrik Lodewijk Bletterman, submit a Memorandum left here by the latter, in which lie desires that his slave, left here by him, & named Augustus of Baly, is to be manumitted. They offer the required security. (Extract from Memorandum attached, mentioning the faithful services of Augustus. (no. 1 86) 1785-1786: Directors. As urged by the Directors, the Council proceeds to reply to their Missive of 23 November last, which was carefully read, and decides to express its regret at having delayed so long in doing so, many other matters of a pressing nature, as well as the Correspondence, which had to have precedence, preventing an earlier reply. On the other hand, it cannot be ignored that so much confusion and darkness surround the matters which are the subject of their Honours’ letter, that we felt that we had no hope of giving any satisfaction in our reply, and, further, that the persons, who had the chief management of the business, would have found themselves not a little embarrassed, eg, the deceased Secretary and Member of the Board, Mr. Oloff Marthini Bergh, who, though he had the best knowledge of these matters, felt himself unable to give the necessary explanation in order to enable us to reply to the letter on 27 November 1784, hitherto left unanswered; so that this was the sole reason why the reply was delayed. Under the circumstances of War, during which period most of the events occurred, everything had to be done hurriedly, so that the necessary accuracy in indexing the Minutes was disregarded, and it will be impossible now to make any researches. Our reply must therefore be incomplete, notwithstanding every effort made by us to avoid this ; and we therefore pray that, for the reasons mentioned, the incompleteness may be excused, as it is all that we can bring forward; 1785 – Boesses (Egberta); widow of the late merchant, member and Secretary of the Council of Policy, Oloff Marthini Bergh; submits that she is by will of her late husband, executrix of the estate, and heiress to everything. But in consequence of her late husband’s very scattered business connections, especially as regards his vendu-business, she could not at once decide whether she could accept the trust, and therefore at once, after her husband’s death, declared by notarial deed, that by burying her husband and doing everything that was indispensable, she had not wished to commit any “hereditary” action, and expressly retained unto herself the jus deliberandi. That she had obtained a year’s grace from the C. of Justice for the purpose, and made use of that time to have her husband’s affairs investigated, in order, as much as possible, to be informed of them, that afterwards an inventory of the whole might be made, and all things sold that might burden the estate, or be perishable. That, however the C. of Justice also decreed that the vendumonies, which were already due, & were still to fall due, were successively to be paid in within the 1st 6 months, but that Memorialist is unable to comply with this order, partly on account of the considerable vendusums still remaining unpaid among the Vendu messengers, to cash which, among the widely-scattered community in the country districts, a longer time than that fixed will be required, and partly because memorialist intends to sell the major portion of the Effects in the Estate very shortly by Public auction ; so that, in order to obtain the proceeds, a reasonable time must necessarily elapse. On the other hand, the period for the payment of a large portion of the vendumonies has also elapsed. Believing that the decision of the C. of Justice was in the interest of the public, which has its claims on the vendumonies, memorialist is fully confident that, for that purpose, you will considerably assist her by lending her out of the Company’s Treasury a sum of Rd. 50,000, at 6 p.c. interest, on the security of all deceased’s important & unencumbered property, or on the proceeds of the latter, as far as it is to be sold, & to permit her further to pay off the loan by installments. (Signature.) (no. 137; date, 6 December); 4 February & 3 June 1788; Mr. Oloff Marthini Bergh, who devoted his whole life to this laborious service, &Mr. Oloff Godlieb de Wet, who will no doubt be prepared to acknowledge how the requirements of this office had undermined his health, so that to avoid the fate of Mr. Bergh, he had more than once pressingly asked for his discharge.; 21 November 1785 – Olof Martini Bergh (63), secretary of the Political Council & acting fiscal & auctioneer, dies in Cape Town; marries 25 July 1745 2nd cousin Egbertha Boesses (from Heusden)
e1 Catharina Petronella Bergh baptised
e2 Marthinus Adrianus Bergh(1747-1806) baptised Cape Town 4 July 1747; 1762 soldier; clerk in office of Council of Policy; secretary to college for civil & matrimonial affairs; temporary assistant to Independent Fiscal; 1773-1778 landdrost of Stellenbosch & Drakenstein; ex officio member of College of Commissioners; Orphan Master & chairman of Heemraden & militia; one of the leaders of Cape ‘Patriot’ movement – but rejected later as a traitor (see De Eerloosheid ontmaskerd); goes to Europe 1785; 1800 returns to Cape; dies Cape Town 21 October 1806 [Dictionary of South African Biography, vol. II, pp. 52-53]; marries 4 September 1774 Catharina Cornelia de Waal, widow of Johannes Sigismundus Hoeve (from Altona); daughter of Arend de Waal (1719-1766) & Catharina van Breda
e3 Sophia Susanna Elisabeth Bergh baptised
e4 Vincent Bergh baptised
e5 Pieter Christiaan Bergh baptised
e6 Engela Appolonia Bergh baptized; marries Otto Wilhelm Falk (from Zutphen)
e7 Barend Cornelis Bergh baptised
e8 Egbertus Bergh(1758-1827)
baptised Cape Town 11 November 1758; assistant schrijver; 1788 ondercoopman & winkelier; secretary of Council of Policy; 1793 (with kinsman Olof E. de Wet) appointed to improve secretariat with kinsman-by-marriage Councillor Jacobus Johannes le Sueur (husband of Johanna Hillegonda de Wet) & to preside over Company’s ambagskwartier, work of equipagemeester & opsiener of Company’s Slave Lodge; kassier of Council of Policy; 1795 senior merchant & member of Council of Policy in charge of underwriting of paper money; 1798 departs for Europe; 1801 writes Memorie over de Caap de Goede Hoop, aan het gouvernement der Fransche republiek gerepresenteerd; 1803 member of Koloniale Rekenkamer; 1804 Ontvanger-generaal of the Cape Colony; dies Cape Town 28 February 1827 [Dictionary of South African Biogrpahy, vol. III, pp. 62-63]; Bergh (Egbertus) of the C. of G. Hope enters (1773) VOC service as soldier at the pen; assistant (1774), & latelyWinkelier, with the rank & pay of bookkeeper. Asks (1785) for rank of junior merchant. (Signature.) (no. 90) Belling (Frederik Jacob); chief Merchant & Dessave of the Colombo district. His agents, Willem Ferdinand van Rheede van Oudshoorn, Merchant & Superintendent of the Company’s timber depot, & the Warehousekeeper, Egbertus Bergh, ask for a passage home for his little son, Jan Gerard, who had left Ceylon in the Return ship, De Paarl, in the care of the Chief surgeon Du Pui. He had arrived here from Mauritius in the French ship La Cleomene. (No. 64); 1806-1807: Berg (Egbertus), Receiver General; Abraham Fleck, Member of the C. of Justice; Johan Christiaan Grand, Inspector of Lands; & Jan Willem Wernich, Sworn Landsurveyor; report on a piece of ground between the Gardens of Simon Petrus van Blerk & E. B. Ziervogel within the Town, which had been asked for by Egbertus Bergh, Esq. In the said plot are a waterhouse & leaden pipes for conducting drink water 1806-7. to the Town, the Castle, & the Wharf, & which should in no manner be impeded in its course. They therefore are of opinion that if the Governor is pleased to dispose of the land to any Individual, it should be measured in an oblong figure, & in such a manner that between the said land & the Ditch, as well as at the 3 other sides, there shall be Public Roads, not less than 40 ft. broad; & further, that the under-mentioned servitudes shall be placed on the said land, (1st), The walls shall be made with round corners, & pointed out by the Burgher Senate. (2nd), The part of the said ground, on which are the waterhouse & the leaden pipes, shall remain the property of the Town. (3rd), A gate of 5 ft broad shall be placed in the wall, the key of which shall remain in the hands of the Director of the water-leadings, that he may always have a free passage to the pipes & waterhouse. (4th), The owner shall always permit the pipes to be dug up, & laid in another part of the land, or the removal of the waterhouse (to another spot on the same land) should it be deemed necessary, & no obstacle shall be placed in the way of such removal, or of repairs to the pipes or waterhouse. Do. do. The Memorial of. Had intended to petition the former Dutch Government for a piece of waste & stony ground between the gardens of J. Brink, Bianthij Ziervogel, Kock, & Van Blerk, in order to cultivate it. He accordingly had it inspected by the President of the Burgher Senate, & the sworn Land-Surveyor, J. Wernich, who declared that there appeared to be no sufficient reason for refusing the request, but that, by the grant, the frequent mischief done to the Aqueduct conveying the drink water into the Town, would also be prevented. Memorialist, with Mr. de Salis, a Member of the C. of Policy (whose particular province it was), having personally inspected the ground, the latter declared that there were no objections to the grant, & that it could & ought to be complied with. Thereupon, memorialist, with the permission of the Governor, had the Land measured, under certain conditions, by the Landsurveyor & a Commission from the Burgher Senate, & the usual Request was submitted to the Government, with the full assurance that the Land would be granted to memorialist. However, his hope was not realised, as Governor & Council, in consequence of certain doubts, declared that at the moment they were not able to agree to part with the Land; leaving memorialist, however, at liberty to ask for another piece of ground that might suit him. Without entering into details regarding the true cause of his request not being complied with, he is convinced that it can be granted without injury to anyone, & that it ought to be given out in the general interest. He therefore earnestly prays that the ground may be given to him Do. do. Extract from Minutes of the C. of Policy (20 November 1805) “That Berg’s request having been referred to the Burgher Senate, the latter submitted the report, which having been examined, it was decided, because of the manifold difficulties connected with such a grant, for the present not to part with the ground, the Petitioner however being permitted to ask for another plot that might be freely granted.” Do. do. Report of the Burgher Senate “Their Committee had properly inspected the plot asked for, on which there is a waterhouse for supplying Cape Town, etc., & advise that in no way it should be built upon. But if given out, it should be surveyed in the form of an oblong, so that between it & the canal, as well as along the 3 other sides, a space shall be left for a road of 40 ft. in breadth, & that the following servitudes shall be laid on the ground.” Brink (Josias) President & Members of the Burgher Senate report on his Memorial, “that he had actually asked the Batavian Government for the ground mentioned in his Memorial; that the ground was granted to him (I4 November 1804), & that he had to pay into the Town Treasury Rds. 50 for it, the value placed on it by the Burgher Council. That he paid in that sum during the present month; & that therefore the Burgher Council now advise that Brink should be pardoned his negligence, & the Title deed of the ground given him.” Do. do. Certificate of E. Bergh, Receiver General, testifying that Brink is duly entitled to have his Title deeds, etc (Signature) (No. 106); marries 13 December 1780 Baronesse Adriana Sophia van Rheede van Oudtshoorn daughter of Pieter, Baron van Reede van Oudtshoorn & Sophia Boesses
f1 Egberta Sophia Petronella Bergh born 23 September 1781 marries Cape 17 June1804 Georges-François (George Francis) Grand of Lausanne, Switzeland – divorced (7 April 1798) husband of Catherine Noël Verlée / Worlée (21 November 1762-10 December 1834) – mistress & later wife to French diplomat Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, 1st Prime Minister of France – from their marriage (1802) until her death known as Catherine Noël Grand de Talleyrand-Périgord, Princesse de Bénévent
author of TheNarrative of the Life of a Gentleman Long Resident in India (published 1814); George Francois Grand, civil servant, deceived husband. Born at Lausanne, Switzerland, as son of a Swiss trader & his Huguenot wife Le Clerc de Virly in 1748. George studies at the University of Lausanne and the Greenwich Academy and joined the Bengal Army. He worked as a clerk in service of the East India Company in Calcutta. There he meets and falls in love with the very beautiful girl of 15, Catherine Noel Werlée. At the time of their marriage (10 July 1777), Catherine (born Tranquebar near Madras 1762), is described as “slim and tall with a very graceful carriage, a tip-tilted nose, large, blue, languorous eyes, a forehead of dazzling whiteness crowned with a glorious mass of golden hair which, loosened, reached below her knees. Upon her marriage with George Grand, Catherine steps into the social life of Calcutta at the head of which were Warren Hastings and Sir Philip Francis. Sir Philip looks on her with a very appraising eye. One night while George Grand is out, Sir Philip gains access to her bedroom by using a bamboo ladder. Later, on his way out by means of the ladder, he is captured by George Grand’s servants. George Grand, obviously highly upset, sends a note challenging the “undoer of his happiness” which is calmly ignored. Aggrieved husband applies to the law courts and wins his case, now famous in Anglo-Indian history. As compensation for adultery he is awarded 50 000 sicca rupees. His exquisite, but indiscreet child wife is then charmingly nick-named La Belle Indienne. George leaves India and on his way to England he disembarks at Simon’s Town (18 June 1799) and remains for 7 months, but cannot find suitable employment. Later Catherine Grand accepts “protection” offered her by Sir Philip. When his term of office in India expires, she, too, leaves the country, but sails for England on a different ship. En route she touches at Cape Town. From London she eventually goes to Paris where she joins the wild living of that city. When Charles Maurice Talleyrand, the famous French Foreign Minister, meets Catharine he is captivated by her beauty. He holds all his diplomatic receptions in her house. Fouché, Head of Police, reports him to Napoleon. This causes a huge scandal which Napoleon has to end for political reasons. He confronts Talleyrand with an ultimatum: either marry Madame Grand or banish her from his house. For reasons, none of them complimentary to the honour of his high office, he decides to marry his mistress. The Grands have the marriage declared null & void (1798). For 12 years, as his wife, Madame Talleyrand does the honours of her husband’s residences. Later, when Talleyrand is created a prince, she is at his side as Princess de Bénévent. To convince George Grand to agree to a divorce, Catherine promises him a pension and an official post with the Batavian Rule at Cape Town. The Grands have their marriage declared null & void (1798). George Grand returns to the Cape (January 1803) as a vaguely described councillor to the Batavian Governor-General JW Janssens and Commissioner General JA de Mist however, regards him as a nuisance. In the mean-time, at the Cape, George Grand marries again (17 June 1804 ) Egberta Sophia Petronella Bergh, daughter of Egbertus Bergh . They have no children. According to codicil to his will [Cape Archives] for many years Madame Talleyrand had been making him an allowance in consequence of what happened at Calcutta. During 2nd British OccupationSir David Baird allocates land between Lemoen Kloof and Hout Bay to George Grand. Printer JC Ritter publishes (1814) 1st book in English in South Africa, GF Grand’s book Narrative of the life of a gentleman long resident in India. On George Grand’s death bed at the Cape (1820), he writes a letter to Princess de Bénévent, requesting that in future half his pension be paid to his 2nd wife. George Francois Grand dies Cape (17 January 1820) & buried in Groote Kerk, Cape Town [Sources: Albertyn, CF: Ensiklopedie van die Wêreld, 9, p. 485; Boëseken AJ: Die Nuusbode, p. 219; De Kock, WJ: SABW 2, p. 275; Heese, JA: SAG 1, p. 232; 2, p. 509; Joelson, A: South African Yesterdays; McWhirter, A: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Essential knowledge, p. 244; Potgieter, DJ: SESA 2, p.418; Scannell, JP: Afrikaanse Kernensiklopedie, pp. 558; 795; Van Schoor, Oberholster, Coetsee, Pienaar: Senior Geskiedenis, p. 19, 21]; [Hendrik Strydom]
f2 Sophia Wilhelmina Constantia Bergh (1782-1853) born 10 November1782; dies Buitenkant, Cape Town 12 January 1853; marries DR Groote Kerk, Cape Town 6 November 1808 Thomas Charles Cadogen; arrives 7 December 1807
g1 Thomas Charles baptised Cape Town 17 Octoer 1810
g2 Egbert Creed Cadogen dies 2 February 1813 (aged 10 months)
g3 Henry MarshCadogen born 23 November 1813; baptised Cape Town 23 December 1813; dies 17 December 1814
g3 Sophia AdrianaCadogen born 14 May 1815; baptised St George’s, Cape Town 20 June 1815
g4 Egbert GeorgeCadogen born 18 March 1817; baptised St George’s, Cape Town 29 April 1817 (twin) dies 7 May 1817
g5 JaneCadogen born 18 March 1817 St George’s, Cape Town 29 April 1817 (twin)
g6 Jan CarelCadogen born 22 August 1818 baptised St Gerge’s Cape Town 8 November 1818
[Peter Philip: British Residents at the Cape 1795-1819
f3 Olof Egbertus Bergh
f4 Pieter Bergh (1786-1812) born 6 August 1786; dies France 29 December 1812
killed in Crossing of the Beresina in Russia 26 – 29 November 1812; EXTRACTS FROM THE CAPE TOWN GAZETTE (8 August 1814): Pieter Bergh formerly captain under Dutch Government & now Capt. of Grenadiers of 33rd Regt. in service of France; killed by cannonball in crossing of the Beresina [Pieter e3 (6.8.1786) son of Egbertus Bergh & Adriana Sophia van Rheede van Oudtshoorn) & Egbert Bernd Adolph van Reede van Oudtshoom born 1791; lieutenant in 121st Regt. of Line, French Imperial Service; killed in Russia; grandson of Willem Ferdinand van Rheede van Oudtshoom & Gesma [sic – Gesina] Kirsten. [Information supplied me by Lt. Gen. M.R.H. Calmeyer, Den Haag. Nederland.]
f5 Engela Maria Bergh born 1 February 1789
f6 Louisa Cornelia Bergh born 20 June 1790
f7 Oloff Martinus Bergh born 23 September 1792; marries Cape Town 5 April 1823 Sophia MariaWilhelmina Lindenberg
g1 Marthinus Adriaan Richard Bergh
g2 Johan Gebhard Bergh
f8 Willem Ferdinand van Reede Bergh (1795-1861) born 18 January 1795; marries Anna Catharina SMUTS born 1807; baptized 28 June 1807; half-sister to my paternal great-great-great-grandfather Michiel SMUTS (1819-1900) of Klawervlei & Groen Rivier, Riebeeck West; daughter of Marthinus SMUTS (1779-1845) of Klawevlei & Anna Catharina Mostert, widow Pieter van der Bijl; step-daughter of Maria Magdalena Loedolff; she marries 1827 Willem Ferdinand van Reede Bergh (1795-1861) – landdrost at Zwartland; son of Egbertus Bergh (1758-1827) & Adriana Sophia, Baroness van Reede van Oudtshoorn (1760-1836); nephew of William Ferdinand Baron van Reede van Oudtshoorn, Lord of Oudtshoorn, Gnephoek & Ridderbuurt (1795-1822) – protagonist in Dan Sleigh`s latest novel “1795” …
Egbertus Berghassistant schrijver; 1788 ondercoopman & winkelier; secretary of Council of Policy; 1793 (with kinsman Olof E. de Wet) appointed to improve secretariat with kinsman-by-marriage Councillor Jacobus Johannes le Sueur (husband of Johanna Hillegonda de Wet) & to preside over Company’s ambagskwartier, work of equipagemeester & opsiener of Company’s Slave Lodge; kassier of Council of Policy; 1795 senior merchant & member of the Council of Policy in charge of underwriting of paper money; 1798 departs for Europe; 1801 writes Memorie over de Caap de Goede Hoop, aan het gouvernement der Fransche republiek gerepresenteerd; 1803 member of Koloniale Rekenkamer; 1804 Ontvanger-generaal of the Cape Colony; dies Cape Town 28 February 1827 [Dictionary of South African Biography, vol. III, pp. 62-63]; marries 13 December 1780Baronesse Adriana Sophia van Rheede van Oudtshoorn (1760-1836) paternal grandson of Olof Martini Bergh & 2nd cousin wife Egbertha Boesses (from Heusden); maternal grandson of Pieter, Baron van Reede van Oudtshoorn & Sophia Boesses’ paternal great-grandson of Olof Bergh (from Gothenburg in Sweden) & Anna de Coning; paternal great-great-grandson of freed slave Maaij Ansela van Bengale & paternal step-great-great-grandson of Arnoldus Willemsz: BASSON (from Wesel) in the Duchy of Cleves; 9 children:
g1 Michiel Bergh (1837-1909)
born 18 June 183; dies Malmesbury 29 July 1909 (aged 72); marries Margaretha Catharina van der Westhuizen
h1 William Ferdinand van Rhede Bergh
h2 Hendrik Jacobus Bergh
h3 Michael Maximilian Bergh
h4 Hildagonda Gertruida Bergh
h5 Pieter Adriaan Bergh
h6 Albert Egbert Bergh
h7 Oloff Marthinus Smuts Bergh
h8 Anna Catherina Erasmus
h9 Margarethus Ewart Victor Bergh
h10 Beatrice Hendrina Bergh marries van Renen
h11 Cecil John Octavius Bergh
h12 Joseph Benjamin Robinson Bergh
g2 Egbertus Adriaan Bergh
g3 Marthinus Smuts Bergh
g4 Pieter van Rheede Bergh
g5 William Ferdinand Bergh
g6 William Ferdinand Bergh
g7 Adriaan Bergh
g8 Oloff Marthinus Bergh
g9 Anna Catharina Louw
e9 Catharina Magtelda Bergh marries Johann von Lindenbaum (from Molsheim, Alsace)
e10 Olof Marthinus Bergh(1763-1835) marries 6 May 1781 Johanna Carolina Wieser
f1 Johan Carel Bergh
f2 Marthinus Adrianus Bergh
f3 Egbertus Bergh (1794-1857) marries Geesje Ernestina Johanna, Baroness van Reede van Oudshoorn (1799-1868); no issue
f4 Adriaan Vincent Bergh
f5 Egberta Marthina Magtelda Bergh
f6 Oloff Marthinus Bergh
e11Adriaan Vincent Bergh marries (1stly) Angelique Wilhelmina Falck born Batavia; daughter of Georg Carel Falck & Wilhelmina Margarethad’Everdingen van der Nieuwpoort; marries (2ndly) Cornelia Sophia Cruywagen daughter of Gerhardus Hendrik Cruywagen & Cornelia Sophia Ehlers
d2 Engela Apollonia Bergh baptised 27 July 1727
Christoffel Brand (1738–1815) – South African trader, well-known host at Simon’s Town near Cape Town, welcoming ships using the bay as refreshment station & helps establish Freemasonry in South Africa. Youngest child & only son of Burchard Heinrich Brand & Anna van der Bijl. Born Cape Town 29 June 1738; marries Catharina Maria Blankenberg 2nd oldest child of Anna Margaretha van der Heyde & Johannes Hendricus Blankenberg; dies Simon’s Town 27 January 1815. Joins (1755) Dutch East India Company (DEIC); trader in goods. Partner in enterprise called Cruijwagen & Company – with partners Gerrit Hendrik Cruijwagen, Petrus Johannes de Wit, Adam Gabriël Muller & 2 accountants Abraham Chiron & Hendrik Justinus de Wet. These DEIC (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, VOC) employees consider their VOC salaries too low & use own enterprise to obtain income. They board ships before they dock to sell their goods. Cape Town is a refreshment station in these years for ships on their way to India. Also prominent player in colony’s slave trade. When Colebrooke is wrecked at Hangklip, granted permission to sell goods retrieved from the ship. Chief official in charge of trading post in False Bay, situated in Simon’s Town. Employed by government of the day. While on duty here, receives (1771, 1772 & 1775) British cartographer James Cook – HMS Endeavour (1772 & 1775) & HMS Resolution (1771). Befriends British botanist Joseph Banks on HMS Endeavour. Has an interest in plant collection. Grandson C.J. Brand is godson of Banks. British Royal Navy officer Horatio Nelson dock (1776) with HMS Dolphin, & accommodated by Brand & sent home after contracting malaria. William Bligh with HMS Bounty stops over (1788) before famous mutiny. When British take over (1795), acts as intermediary during negotiations of 1st British occupation of the Cape. In 1772 a German bookkeeper on a ship from Germany, travelling via Netherlands, to South Africa, Abraham Chiron, influenced by Abraham van der Weijden starts Freemasons in South Africa. Lodge is called Lodge de Goede Hoop. A founding member, he is elected treasurer- other founding members are Abraham Chiron, Jacobus Alexander le Febre, Johann Coenraad Gie, Pieter Soermans, Jan Adriaan van Schoor, Olof Godlieb de Wet and Petrus Johannes de Wit. Issue:
e1 Christoffel Burgaardt Brand
e2 Sara Brand marries ensign & controversial British-appointed landdrost of Graaff-Reinet Frans Rynhard Bresler Esq:re (1766-1825) “late member of the worshipful the Court of Justicé” & uncle to my paternal 4x great-grandfather Casparus Johannes RynhardBresler (1796-1872); CA: MOOC 8/44, no. 7 (Frans Rynhard Bresler & Maria Elizabeth Brink) 5 April 1825: Inventory of the joint property of Frans Rynhard BreslerEsq:re late member of the worshipful the Court of Justice and his wife Maria Elizabeth Brink formerly widow to MrJacobus Christoffel de Wit relinquished by the death of the firstmentioned on the twenty eighth day of March in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty five at [ ….. ] o’ clock in the morning. The deceased having by his last will and testament executed jointly with his aforesaid wife on the 11:th August 1825 before the Notary Franciscus Xaverius Lind and witnesses instituted and appointed his sole and universal heirs his wife Maria Elizabeth Brink aforesaid together with his two children procreated in former marriage by his first wife Sara Brand, named
1) Sara Catharina Bresler married to Johannes Christiaan Coetzee [Kotze] in equal shares
2) Christoffel Casparus Bresler
He marries (2ndly) Maria Elsabeth Brink
1 Sara Catharina Kotze
2 Christoffel Casparus Bresler
3 Johannes Pieter Willem Bresler dies young
e3 Catharina Maria Brand
e3 Christina Burgerdina Brand
e4 Anna Catharina Brand
e5 Johanna Hendrina Brand
e6 Johannes Henricus Brand (1771-1835)
Land on which Welcome Cottage is built granted in Perpetual Quitrent to Johannes Henricus Brand, Deputy Fiscal of Simon’s Town (1811) – later Member of Court of Justice. JH Brand’s son, Christoffel, is 1st Speaker of House of Assembly & grandson, Johannes Henricus Brand, 1st President of Orange Free State. Both main homestead and the outbuildings are predominantly Cape Dutch in style & of considerable architectural merit.
e7 Hester Catharina Brand
Kahn, E. (1995). The Quest for Justice: Essays in Honour of Michael McGregor Corbett, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of South Africa. Juta and Company Ltd; van der Galiën, D. (2018). Onvrede in overvloed (Very unsatisfied) (PDF). Universiteit Leiden, the Netherlands; Young, J. (2013). The enslaved people of Simon’s Town 1743 to 1843″ (PDF). University of Cape Town; Walker, M. (2007). Forgotten Shipwrecks of the Western Cape; “Brand, Christoffel”. Global Plants; 225 Years Ago: October – December 1772″. Captain Cook Society; “Ships and Voyages”. Nelson Museum; “Simon’s Town Marine Anchorage”; Cooper, A.A (January 1980). The origins and growth of Freemasonry in South Africa, 1772 – 1876, p. 16 (PDF). uct.ac., za. University of Cape Town; The first Settler at the Cape Hans Conrad Guy (J.C. Gie), p. 38 (PDF).
Daniel Godfried / Gottfried Carnspek / Karnspeck (from Rüngenwalde, Pomerania [Regenwalde, Margraviate of Brandenburg – now Resko, town in Łobez County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland – but in Comp.’s books he is entered as of Greifswald; son of Christoph Lucas Karnspeck & Judith Flesch; arrives 1721; soldier; assistent 1724; bookkeeper & secretary of Stellenbosch & Drakenstein 1731; secretary of Council of Justice; Onderkoopman 173; dies 1747; marries 9 May 1728 Johanna Magdalena Bergh baptised 26 August 1691
d1 Oelof Christoffel Karnspek baptised 27 February 1729
d2 Johannes Karnspek baptised 8 July 1731; marries 26 October 1760 1st cousin once removed Engela Maria Rhenius daughter of Johannes Theophilus Rhenius & Helena Maria van der Heuvel
e1 Johannes Daniel Karnspek (1761-1828) baptised 1 November 176; dies 3 November 1828; marries 12 July 1801 Baronesse Johanna Catharina Hendrina van Rheede van Oudtshoorn; daughter of Baron Willem Ferdinand van Rheede van Oudtshoorn & Gesina Kirsten
e2 Daniel Godfried Karnspek baptised 26 June 176; dies in infancy
e3 Oelof Christoffel Karnspek (1765-1825) baptised 23 February 1766; dies 15 September 1825
e4 Helena Maria Geertruida Karnspek baptised 12 March 1769; dies in infancy
e5 Helena Maria Geertruida Karnspek baptised 14 April 1771; marries 11 March 1792 2nd cousin Ryk le Sueur son of Johanna Hillegonda de Wet & Jacobus Johannes le Sueur
e6 Johanna Magdalena Karnspek baptised 28 February 1773; marries Adriaan Jacobus Cruywagen son of Gerhardus Hendrik Cruywagen & Cornelia Sophia Ehlers Note: His 2 sisters Dorothea Hendrika Cruywagen & Cornelia Sophia Cruywagen marry kinsmen J.I Rhenius & A.V. Bergh respectively
e7 Engela Maria Karnspek baptised 11 June 1775; marries Andries Muller
e8 Daniel Godfried Karnspek baptised 8 March 1778
e9 Sophia Magdalena Karnspek baptised 23 April 1780; marries 11 August 1803 Joseph Bebber (from Uerdingen)
e10 Christina Johanna Karnspek baptised 2 May 1784
e11 Isaac Theodorus Theophilus Karnspek baptised 1786
d3 Daniel Matthys Karnspek baptised 31 January 1734
Weed[uw]e: Cellier
Sr. Abraham Decker (1697-1752)(from Amsterdam)
Sr. Abraham Decker (1697-1752)(from Amsterdam) – brother-in-law to Jacobus Möller; born Amsterdam (1697); arrives at Cape (1717) as assistant ex India; promoted to bookkeeper (1722); marries (1stly) 27 June 1723 Regina Möller (dies 1736), daughter of Hendrik Christoffel Möller (from Hamburg) & Margaretha Marquardt (from Hamburg); Regina Möller … Den 9 Dito [Julius] [1690] een kindt ghedoopt waer van vader is Hendrik Mul[der] de moeder Margarita Marquart als ghetuijghe stond[t] [into binding] Femmetie Kouthoff, ende Theunis Dirks: van Schalwijk ende genaemt Regina …; granddaughter of Joachim /Joachum / Jochem / Jochim / Jochum Marquard / Marquardt / Marqua(e)rt (from Gorcum / Gorinchem); 2 children; marries (2ndly) 31 March 1736 Theodora van Taak, daughter of Willem van Taak & Martha van der Bijl; 2 children. Decker & his 2nd wife take in Kaicil Mahmud`s 2 daughters — later baptized adopting the sobriquet / family name Jonker. Decker`s 1st wife Regina Möller`s sister Maria Möller marries (14 April 1726) Marthinus Heems, born Cape 1703, son of Roman Catholic Guilliaume Heems (from Brughes, Flanders) & Cape-born Anna van Banchem & step-son of wife`s Cape-born brother Hendrik Möller – son of Hendrik Christoffel Möller (from Hamburg) & Margaretha Marquardt (from Hamburg); assistant (1720); junior merchant (onder coopman); dies (1754).
d1 Margaretha Johann Decker a baptized 2 July 1724
d2 Jacoba Wilhelmina Decker baptized 10 August 1727
He marries Theodora van Taak 31 March 1736 (baptised 18 October 1716) daughter of Willem van Taak & Emma Martha van der Byl. She marries (2ndly) Hendrik Witsche)
d3 Johanna Emma Barbara Decker baptized 4 April 1738
d4 Abraham Willem Decker baptized 3 July 1740
Cornelis Eelders / Ehlers (from Amsterdam)
Cornelis Eelders / Ehlers (from Amsterdam) – born Amsterdam 1702; arrives 1720 as assistant; marries Cape 29 August 1728 Johanna Catharina van der Poel (1706-1775) baptized Cape Town 25 June 1706; daughter of Pieter van der Poel & Johanna Vijandt dies Cape Town 10 August 1775 [CA: CJ 2653, Testamenten, 1727-1731, no. 57; CA: MOOC 7/22, Testamenten, 1775, nos. 26 & 27]
Josephus de Grandpreez
Josephus de Grandpreez – son of Noel Joseph de Grandpreez & Bernardina Mousson de la Grenieurie; arrives (1720) as soldier; 1722 assistant (1722); 1725 chief clerk of Council of Policy secretariat; 1727 secretary of Raad van Justitie; 1730 junior merchant; 1741 secretary of Council of Policy with rank of merchant; dies 1761; marries Louisa Adriana Slotsboo – daughter of Kaje Jesse Slotsboo (from Hadersleben, Denmark) & Anna Regina Harts / Hartz; step-daughter of Aletta Beck, wid. Samuel Martini de Meurs; granddaughter of Heinrich Hartz (from Hamburg) & Judith Marquaert / Marquardt; great-granddaughter of Joachim /Joachum / Jochem / Jochim / Jochum Marquard / Marquardt / Marqua(e)rt (from Gorcum / Gorinchem); she dies 1762
Nicolaas Heijning (from Delft)
Nicolaas Heijning (from Delft) – arrives (1704) as adelborst on Vosmaer; 1707 assistant; 1709 Van Assenburgh increases salary from ƒ16 to ƒ24; 1711 Kommissaris de Vos promotes him to boekhouer; 1713 as boekhouer & soldyoverdrager receives ƒ30 per month; 25 May 1710: witness to following baptism: … 25 d:o (25 May [1710]) van Elias Kina, en Barbara Theresia de Savoije; de getuigen Nicolaas Heijning, en Geertruida Vermeij – Abraham Nicolaas …; marries Cape Town 20 August 1713 Geertruida Vermeij: … 20 d:o [20 August][1713] Nicolaas Heijning, jongm: met Geertruida Vermeij, jonge dogter …
Mr. Daniel van den Henghel (from Utrecht)
Mr. Daniel van den Henghel (from Utrecht) – son of Mr. Carel van den Henghel & Maria van Baarle; arrives (13 March 1731) with wife Alida de Leeuw at the Cape ex Ceylon on Gaasperdam; after death (19 September 1737) of Adriaan van Kervel (1681-1737), Cape’s Council of Policy appoints Van den Henghel as acting governor but Heren XVII, however, appoints (1742) Hendrik Swellengrebel instead; resigns (1742) & returns to Nederlands
Land-drostPieter Lorenz: / Lourensz: (1703-1748)
Land-drostPieter Lorenz: / Lourensz: (1703-1748) – Cape-born son of repatriated Cape-burgher Johann Laurens (from Bremen) & Cape-born Woutrina Mostert; stepson of Sophia Vink, wid. of Jacob Krebs (from Bern, Switzerland); maternal grandson of Johannes Cornelisz: Mostaert (from Utrecht) & Alida van Hulst (from The Hague) & step-grandson of Elisabeth (Lijsbeth) Nieuwmeijer (from Deventer, Overijssel); educated at Bremen; baptized Cape (27 May 1703); returns (1720 to the Cape as corporal in VOC service; appointed (1721) assistant in secretariate of Council of Justice, serving a few years as adjunct fiscal; appointed (1726) bookkeeper & secretary of Stellenbosch & Drakenstein; landdrost of Stellenbosch (May 1729 – September 1748); junior merchant (1730); merchant (1743); marries (Paarl 25 April 1728) Catharina van der Byl (1710-1738), daughter of Pieter Gerritsz: van der Bijl (from Overshie), wid. of Cape-born Anna Sophia Bosch (1672-1701) & Hester Terwinkel / ter Winkel (from Zutphen); 4 children: (1) Johan Gerhard Lourens (baptized 30 January 1729) who moves to Java; (2) Hester Anna Lourens (baptized 8 Apr 1731) marries Cape-born Hendrik Cloete (1725-1799), wealthy owner of loan farms along Zoute Rivier: Riet Kuil & De Hoop. He also owns Mossel Rivier at Hermanus, Zandvliet, Nooitgetdacht, plus various other farms as well as Groot Constantia; (3) Pieter Lourens (baptized 10 May 1733); (4) Geertruida Woutrina Lourens (1735-1800) (baptized 24 July 1735) dies Stellenbosch 25 March 1800; marries (1stly) 28 February 1751 Dirk de Vos, who like Gerrit van der Byl is once owner of Joostenberg Estate, & marries (2ndly) 25 June 1775 Christiaan Frederik Hop (baptized 2 June 1726); dies 1790; Pieter Lourenz: dies 1748 [Rq. 1743: 69; GR nr. 565; Test. OC 10: 5]; Pieter Lorenz: has illegitimate daughter by Johanna Lens, daughter of Pieter Lens (from Vlissingen, Zeeland) & Margaretha Blauwpaard (from Amsterdam): Jacoba Petronella (13 August 1724) who marries (6 September 1739) Johann Jurgens (from Remscheid) who arrives (1736) as corporal, employed as blacksmith asking (1739 for burgher rights but again smith in Company’s service (1747- 1748); 1 son [GMR 1736-39, 1747 – 48; Requesten (1739-1740): 24; GR nr. 214].; Heemraad Hendrik Willemsz: van der Merwe baptised 17 August 1698; marries (1stly) 25 June 1717 1st cousin Catharina Cloete; daughter of Gerrit Jacobsen Cloete (from Cologne) & Catharina Harmans: / Harmensz: (from Middelburg); marries (2ndly) Paarl 26 November 1747 Aletta Keyser; marries (3rdly) Paarl 6 December 1750 Maria Fick; Extracts from estate inventory after decease, CA: MOOC 8/10, no. 38: Hendrik van der Merwe & Maria Tik [sic – Fik] 8 December 1762: Inventaris mitsg:s taxatie van alle sodanige goederen, soo roerende als onroerende, schulden en inneschulden, als naar voor gaande mutueele uijtterste wille op den 3:e December 1750 voor den doenmaligen secretaris van Stellenbosch en Drakensteijn Jean Benjamin d’ Aillij opgeregt, zijn naargelaten en metter dood ontruijmt door den oud heemraad mons:r Hendrik van der Merwe ten behoeve van sijne naargelatene weduwe Maria Tik [sic – Fik] ter eenree, mitsg:[ade]rs sijne soo in eerste huwelijk bij wijlen Aletta Kijsergeprocreeerde twee kinderen, met namen
1) Hendrik van der Merwe oud 14 jaren
2) Aletta van der Merwe oud 12 jaren
als zijne in dit laatste huwelijk bij opgem:e Maria Tik [sic – Fik] verwekte drie kinderen, in namen
3) Willem Hendrik van der Merwe oud 8 jaren
4) Schalk van der Merwe oud 4 jaren
5) Jacob van der Merwe oud 3 jaren
als ook ’t geene waar van dikwilsge[melte]n:e Maria Tick [sic – Fik] waarblijkelijk nog swanger gaat
ter andere sijde
sodanig ende indiervoegen als deselve door opgem:[elt]e weduwe en boedelhoudster, sijn opgegeeven en aangeweesen, … Drie plaatsen ofte hofsteedens gen:[aam]t Overveen, Bloemendaal en de Hoogte, alle geleegen onder ’t district van Drakensteijn,
een plaats ofte hofsteede gen:[aam]t Claas Voogds Rivier geleegen af enaan de Coggelmans Cloof blijkens erfgrond brief van den 9:e Maij 1754
een opstal genaamt de Uijtvlugt geleegen aan de Coggelmans Cloof
een opstal gen:t de Klippedrift geleegen onder ’t distr:t van Stellenbosch
Op de eerstgem:e plaats gen:t Bloemendaal en aldaar
In ’t woonhuijs … Aldus nader opgenomen en getaxeert ter Weescaamer aan Cabo de Goede Hoop den 8:e December 1762 .. Maria Fick weduwe van der Merwe
c1 Catharina Margaretha van der Merwe marries 1st cousin 30 April 1747 Albertus Myburgh son of Albert Lambertz: Myburgh & Elsie / Elsje Schalks: van der Merwe; he marries (2ndly) 20 September 1750 Elizabeth de Villiers daughter of Pierre de Villiers & Hester Roux
c2 Elsje van der Merwe marries Schmidt
2nd union
c1 Hendrik van der Merwe
c2 Aletta Sijbilla van der Merwe
2rd union
c3 Willem Hndrik van der Merwe
c4 Schalk van der Merwe
c5 Jacob van der Merwe
Jacobus Möller
Jacobus Möller – brother-in-law to Abraham Decker – son of Hendrik Christoffel Möller (from Hamburg) & Margaretha Marquardt (from Hamburg); grandson of Joachim /Joachum / Jochem / Jochim / Jochum Marquard / Marquardt / Marqua(e)rt (from Gorcum / Gorinchem); marries Cape 17 November 1726 Debora de Koning (from Amsterdam): … 17e Novemb:[e]r [1726]] Jacobus Moller van Cabo de Goede Hoop, equipagiemeester alhier, jongman, met Debora de Koning van Amsteldam, jonge dogter; listed as: Juff:[rouw] Debora de Koning wed:[uwe] en testamentaire boedelhoudster van wijlen haar Man d’ E.[dele] Jacobus Möller.
Christian Petzold (dies 1739)
Christian Petzold (dies 1739) – joint author (with Etienne Barbier) of seditious placaat entitledAvis van groot importentie directed against the Cape Government [Theal, History, II, p. 505]. Christian Petzold [signs thus in CA: CJ 1273: 25] (from Frankfurt am Oder, Germany) – soldier (1729-34); burgher (1734); killed (4 April 1739) by Johann Michael Forster [GMR 1729-34; Requesten (1733-34: 88); CA: CJ 1169 (Will), no. 52]; marries (3 October 1734) Johanna Pieterse van Nimwegen, wid. Jan de Nys; children:
b1 Anna Catharina (baptized 24 October 1734) dies in infancy
b2Anna Catharina (baptized 27 October 1737); marries Friedrich Sigismund Modemann
Johannes (Hannes / Hans) Ras (1698-?)
Johannes (Hannes / Hans) Ras (1698-?) – son of Nicolaes (Claas) Ras (1666-1713) & Maria van Staden (1678-1723) (from Werkhoven, Utrecht); brother to MariaRas (1703-1734) & Hendrik Ras (1709-1773).
Johannes Tobias Rhenius (from Berlin)
Johannes Tobias Rhenius (from Berlin) – son of Isaak Rhenius / Rhee & Anna Schuster; arrives 8 December 1706 on Zoelen; soldier 1708; 1710 corporal; 1711 sergeantl 1715 adjudant; 9 January 1720 ensign; captain & head of the Strydkragte; caretaker of Company’s garden; April 1720 member of Orphan Chamber; 1721 appointed member of Council of Justice; September 1721, 1722 & 1724 goes on expeditions to interior; 1724 writes a journal; 20 April 1728: appointed head of garrison; 1738 retires as free-burgher; repatriates 1741; marries 7 March 1717 Engela Bergh baptised 12 December 1700: … 12 Decemb:[er] 1700 van den cap:[i]tyn Oelof Bergh en Anna de Konink, onder getuyge van Jacobus de Wet, en Christina Bergh, gen[aam]t: – Engela…; he marries (2ndly) 20 June 1723 Anna Christina Mulder (daughter of Adam Heinrich Müller & Susanna Magdalena Rota); dies Lübeck, Germany post April 1745 [South African Dictionary of Biography, vol. V, p. 640]
d1 Johannes Theophilus Rhenius baptised17 April 1717; dies in infancy
d2 Johannes Theophilus Rhenius baptised 6 November 1718; bookkeeper VOC; 1st landdrost of Swellendam; MOOC 8/9, no. 49 Johannes Theophilus Rhenius 14 September 1755: Inventaris van alle soodanige goederen als sijn naargelaten en met er dood ontruijmt door den boekhouder Johannes TheophilusRhenius ten voordeele van sijne bij sijne voor overleedene huijsvrouw Helena Maria van den Heuvelin huwelijk verwekte en naargelatene vier minderjarige kinderen, met naame
1) Engela Maria Rhenius oud 13 jaaren
2) Johannes Tobias Rhenius oud 11 jaaren
3) Johannes Isaac Rhenius oud 5 jaaren en
4) Johannes Nicolaas Rhenius oud 3 jaaren
soodanig en indiervoegen als deselve door d’ onderget: gecomm: Weesmeesteren sijn opgenoomen en bevonden te bestaan in ’t volgende, naamtl:
Een huijs en thuijn gele: in deese Tafelvallij blijkens ’t laatste transport d’ dato 5:e Septemb:r 1749
In de cam: ter regterhand
2 ophaalgordijnen
6 schilderijjen
2 spiegels
2 gerridons
2 tafeltjes
1 gr: Bijbel met copere platen
12 stoelen en
12 stoelen kussens
1 tafel met een verkeerbordt
1 Engels cantoor met coper beslag
1 kistje met wat rommeling
1 doosje met Matimaanse instrumenten
1 theekistje met coper beslagh
1 lessenaartje met wat rommeling
1 ledikant met zijn behangsel, waar op
1 veere bed
3 veere kussens
1 schuijfdoos met wat romm:g
1 stel porcelijn
2 tafelcasjes
In ’t voorhuijs
2 vogelcouwen
5 schilderijjen
1 rustbank
In de camer ter linkerhand
2 ophaalgordijnen
8 schilderijjen
11 stoelen
8 stoelen kussens
1 vuurplaat
1 trommel
3 snaphaanen in z:t
1 p:r pistoolen
1 tafel
1 spiegeltje
1 gr: kist met coper beslag, waar in
1 partij kleederen en linnegoet
1 partij boeken
8 strenge zijlgaarn
1 ledikant met zijn behangsel, waarop
1 veere bed
1 veere peul
3 veere kussens
4 chitse combaarssen
2 paruijke doosen
1 kistje met coper beslagh
1 ijvoor cantoortje met silver beslag
In de galderij
1 huijs horologie
1 ophaalgordijn
1 spiegel
1 copere hangblaker
6 armpjes van hout
2 schilderijtjes
1 horologie casje
2 stoelen
1 tafel
2 glase lantaarns
1 coffer
1 partij pocelijn en glaswerk in z:t
1 loode tabaksdoos
In de op camer
5 stoelen
1 ophaalgordijn
1 spiegel
3 blicke trommels
1 coper theekistje
1 tafel
6 schilderytjes
1 veere bed
1 veere peul
2 veere kussens
1 wolle combaars
2 vioolen
1 coffer
1 vuurmant
1 verkeerbordt
In ’t dispens
1 partij bottels
1 partij flessen
1 glase carbas
1 partij aardewerk
3 racken met wat porc: en glaswerk in z:t
1 pijpe rak
1 ijsere balans met 2 houte schaalen en wat gewigt
1 kistje met leedige flesjes
1 houte staandertje met olij en asijn cannetje
1 gr: leedige kist
1 leedige kelder
In de combuijs
1 tinne soupcom
2 tinne asjetten
2 tinne schenkborden
2 tinne theeketels met een tinne confoor
1 tinne coffican
1 tinne maatcan
1 tinne vuurtesjen
1 tinne tafelcrans
2 tinne trekpotten
4 tinne kandelaars
1 tinne staandertje met olij en asijn cann:e
1 cooper chocolaatcan
1 cooper becke
4 cooper vuurtesjes
2 cooper kandelaars
2 cooper blakers
1 cooper snuijter
1 cooper kraan
1 cooper vijsel met sijn stamper
2 cooper schaalen
4 cooper strijkijsers
1 cooper lantaarn
1 cooper pofferpan
2 cooper taartepanne en deksels
1 cooper tafel schel
1 schoorsteen rooster met een coper voorplaat
1 cooper theeketel
1 metale confoor
5 ijser potten
2 ijser roosters
2 ijser vleesvorken
2 ijser drievoeten
2 schoorsteenkett:s
1 schuijmspaen
1 vuurtang
2 asschoppen
2 koekepan
1 wafel ijser
1 oblie ijser
2 braadspeten met hun toebehooren
1 blicke lantaarn
1 pottebank
1 houte fontijntje en bak
1 combuijs tafel
1 water halffaam
1 water emmer
Op de solder
6 stooven
1 partij bottels
1 thuijnschaar
5 snaphaanladen
1 partij landmeeters gereetschap
1 cas met wat zout
2 wiegen
1 kinderwagen
2 gerridons
1 partij houtwerk in z:t
1 partij rommeling
Op d’ agter plaats
1 trapje
1 draag stoel met stocken en banden
1 cadel
1 copere gieter
1 paard
1 zadel en toebehooren
Ongemaakte goederen
1 stuk witte diemet
1 lap witte diemet
1 voerchits
4 p:s zijde lint
2 p:s witte rouwkant
1 partijtje swart fluweele bandt
1 stel paardehaareknoopen en kemelsgaarn tot een manskleet
2 roode Cust neusdoeken
1 aangesnedene rol swart portesooij
2 nieuwe manshoeden
Leiffeijgenen
1 slave jonge gen: Jonathan van Maccasser
1 slave jonge gen: Januarij van Mallabaar
1 slave jonge gen: Jephta van d’ Caab
1 slave jonge gen: Adonis van d’ Caab
Juweele, goud en silverwork
1 p:r oorliejetten met tien diamanten
1 goud halsslootje
1 p:r goud handgespjes
1 p:r goud mofjes haaken
1 fijne paarl in ’t goud gevat
1 doosje met div: steentjes
1 silv: schenkbordt
2 silv: soupleepels
13 silver vorken
13 silver leepels
12 messen met silver hegten
6 staale vorken met silver hegten
2 silver zout vaatjes met 2 silver lepeltjes
1 silver zuijkerdoos
1 silver coelvaatje met 3 confijtvorkjes en 3 lepeltjes
1 silver beugel met zijn tas
1 p:r silver schoegespen
1 p:r silver knie gespen
1 silver kurketrecker
1 silver servet haak
3 silver nessels
1 silver balsem doosje
27 silver knoopjes met steentjes
1 silver schijfpen
1 silver snuijfdoosjes met en sonder paarlemoer in zoort
1 silver sakhorologie
1 odelarijn flesje met silver beslag
2 deegens met silver geveste met 1 porte epee
1 hanger met een silver gevest met 1 porte epee
2 rottangs met silver beslag
1 pintsbeckse snuijfdoos
4 verlakte [snuijfdoos]
1 partijtje oud zilver
aan contante in den boede gevonden een somma van twee rd:s en ses en dertig stuijvers segge rd:s2:36 st:vers
Nota nog is in deese boedel berustende een Japans copere vergulde deegen met een goude greep dewelke aan den uijtlandige minderjarige zoon Johannes Tobias Rhenius door wijle sijn volgens getuijgenis der vrinden is vereert tot een gedagtenis van des kints groot vader de h:[ee]r Johannes Tobias Rhenius als van denselve afkomstig zijnde
Aldus g’inventariseert den 14 Septbr: 1755. Gecomm: Weesm: Mij present Ik ondergeschreevene Johannes Isaak Rhenius bekenne uijt handen derE: Heeren Weesmeesteren deser plaatse een Japans kopere deegen met een goude greep te hebben ontfangen Cabo de Goede Hoop den 21 April 1777.
J: Rhenius
MOOC 8/9, no. 49 ½ Johannes Theophilus Rhenius 14 September 1755: Notitie der goedertjes dewelke aan de drie ondertenoemene minderjarige kinderen van den boekhouder Johannes Theophilus Rhenius als aan hun behoorende sijn overgegeven, namentlijk
Engela Maria Rhenius
1 p:r oorliejetten met 14 diamantjes
1 goude ring met een steen
1 p:r goude hembdsknoopjes
1 p:r goude handgespjes
1 goude vingerhoed
1 pints beckse tuijgjen
1 colje met fijne paarlen
1 p:r silv: schoegespe
1 silv: punthaak
1 silv: signet
1 silv: lodorarijn doosje
Johannes Isaac Rhenius
1 p:r goude hembdsknoopjes met staal steentjes
1 silv: halsgespe
1 dubb: p:r hembdsknoopjes met steentjes
Johannes Nicolaas Rhenius
1 p:r goude hembdsknoopjes
6 paarlemoere hembdsknoopjes met steentjes
Aldus g’annoteert aan Cabo de Goede Hoop 14 7:ber 1755
Als gecomm: Weesmeesteren: L:C: Warneck
d’ Onderhandsche obligatie van den overledenen J:s T:s Rhenius, groot sestienhondert Caabse guldens, is gepassert den 1:e Julij a:[nn]o 1753 en geen intres daarop betaalt.
marries 17 September 1741 Helena Maria van der Heuvel
e1 Engela Maria Rhenius baptised 15 July 1742; marries 26 October 1760 1st cousin once removed Johannes Karnspek baptised 8 Jul 1731
e2 Johannes Tobias Rhenius baptised 11 June 1744
e3 Nicolaas Frederik Rhenius baptised 27 February 1746
e4 Joachim Frederik Rhenius baptized 22 October 1747
e5 Johan Isaac Rhenius(1750-1808) baptised Cape 4 October 1750; President of Court of Justice (1786) [H.C.V. Leibbrandt, Précis of the Archives of the Cape of Good Hope, vol. 1, p. 22 under “Asiatics”] onderkoopman August 1786 secunde at Cape & acting governor (24 June 1791-3 July 1792) after departure of C.J. van de Graaff 10 October 1795 appointed Receiver-General & Treasurer & Commissaris-Politiek (government overseer of the Church) under 1st British Occupation left the Cape when under Batavian rule; dies Germany 27 July 1808 [South African Dictionary of Biography, vol. IV, pp. 498-499]; marries Dorothea Hendriks Cruijwagen daughter of Gerhardus Hendrik Cruywagen & Cornelia Sophia Ehlers; no issue
e6 Johannes Nicolaas Rhenius baptised 30 July 1752
e7 Christina Rhenius baptised 11 May 1755
d3 Johannes Izaak Rhenius (1721-1793) baptised 8 June 1721; cadet in regiment of Van Dort; buried inside Zutphen Church 15 January 1793; marries Zutphen 8 December 1750 Judith Aleijda Hondorff
Philippe-Rodolphe / Philippus Rudolphus de Savoije / Savoye
Philippe-Rodolphe / Philippus Rudolphus de Savoije / Savoye; baptised Philippe Rodolf Drakenstein 29 August 1694; son of Jacques de Savoye (from Ath, Hainaut), wid. of Christine du Pont & Marie-Madaleine le Clercq; 1715: returns as VOC soldier to Cape on Westerdijxhorn; 15 September 1716: admitted as member to Cape congregation; 19 December 1719: outgoing deacon of the Cape Church; never marries; CA: CJ 2655, no. 16 (Will: Philip Rudolph de Savoije) [he signs PRDeSavoije]; CA: MOOC 7/1/6, no. 80 (Copy of will: Philip Rudolph de Savoije 1737) [Resolution (19 December 1719) of the Council of Policy, vol. 5 (1716-1719), p. 396]
David Senecal
Hendrik Swellengrebel (Cape Town 20 September 1700-Utrecht 26 December 1760)
Hendrik Swellengrebel (Cape Town 20 September 1700-Utrecht 26 December 1760) – 1st & only VOC Cape governor (14 April 1739-27 February 1751); brother-in-law to Ryk Tulbagh (van Bergen op Zoom) & Ds. Franciscus le Sueur (van Ooyen, Gelderland); son of Johannes Swellengrebel (from Moscow) & Johanna Cruse; step-son of Christina Stant:s / Stents: (from Giesendam, Zuid-Holland), formerly widow Jan Meerland (from Leiden, Zuid-Holland) & widow of Jan Stevens: Botma (from Wageningen, Gelderland); step-son of Engela ten Damme; paternal grandson of Johannes Swellengrebel (from Moscow); maternal grandson of Hieronimus / Jeronimus Cruse (from Bielefeld) & Aaltje Elberts: (from Nieuwenhuyse); marries (1stly) Cape 15 July 1727 Helena Willemina ten Damme (1706-1746) born 26 June 1706; baptised Cape 25 July 1706 (witnesses: Hendrik & Engela ten Damme); daughter of Willem ten Damme (from Oldenzeel, Overijssel) & Helena Reyns: Gulix (1665-1758); granddaughter of Hendrik Reyns: (from Dirksland, Goeree-Overflakkee Island, Zuid-Holland) & Barbera / Barbara (Barbertje) Geems / Geens (from Amsterdam, Noord-Holland), wid. of Jacob Hubertsz: Rosendael(from Leiden, Zuid-Holland); dies 30 December 1746; marries (2ndly) Oosterbeek, Netherlands 20 March 1755 Helena van Ruyven
Hendrik Swellengrebel (Cape Town 20 September 1700-Utrecht 26 December 1760) – born Cape Town; son of Johannes Swellengrebel (from Moscow) & Cape-born Johanna Cruse; 1st & only VOC Cape governor (14 April 1739-27 February 1751) of Cape of Good Hope; adds new districts added to the colony; prohibits hunting of zebra & town of Swellendam,Western Cape is named after him & 1st wife Wilhelmina Helena ten Damme (1706-1746); succeeded (1751) as Cape governor by brother-in-law Ryk Tulbagh; upon return to Netherlands (with 3 daughter & 1 son & mother-in-law Helena Gulix), buys landed estate named Kaapse Bossen (Cape Forests) in Utrecht; marries 15 July 1727 Helena Willemina ten Damme (1706-1746) born Cape 26 June 1706 youngest daughter & youngest child of Willem ten Damme (from Oldenzeel [Oldenzaal, Overijssel]) & Cape-born Helena Rens: Gulix baptised Cape 25 July 1706 (witnesses: Hendrik & Engela ten Damme); dies Netherlands 30 December 1746; he marries (2ndly) Oosterbeek, Netherlands 20 March 1755 Helena van Ruyven; Swellendam is declared (1743) a magisterial district, 3rd oldest in South Africa, & named after GovernorHendrik Swellengrebel, 1st Cape-born governor & wife Helena Willemina ten Damme – outlying settlement soon becomes gateway to interior & visited by many famous explorers & travellers including François le Vaillant (1781), Lady Anne Barnard (1798), William John Burchell (1815) & Thomas William Bowler (1860) – in time, village is established beyond the Drostdy, where artisans including numerous wainwrights & traders settle – Swellendam is the last outpost of Dutch colonization on the eastern frontier & thus services of town residents are of utmost importance. By 1795 maladministration & inadequacies of Dutch East India Company (VOC) causes long-suffering burghers of Swellendam to revolt, & declare (17 June 1795) themselves a Republic. Hermanus Steyn is appointed as president of the Republic of Swellendam. Burghers of Swellendam now call themselves national burghers – after the style of the French Revolution. However, Republic is short-lived & ends (4 November 1795) when Cape is occupied by Kingdom of Great Britain.
d1 Johannes Willem Swellengrebel baptised
d2 Helena Swellengrebel baptised
d3 Barbara Swellengrebel baptised
d4 Johanna Engela Swellengrebel baptized
d5 Hendrik Swellengrebel Jr. (1734-1803) – dean of Utrecht Cathedral; born Cape 26 November 1734; departs (25 March 1746) for Patria; attends Latin School & reads Law at Utrecht University completing studies with dissertation on origin of property; travels to Cape of Good Hope (1776-1777); dies Schoonoort, Utrecht (19 February 1803); buried Janskerk, Utrecht (24 February 1803) [Gerrit Schutte (ed.), Hendrik Swellengrebel in Africa: Journals of Three Journeys in 1776-1777 (Cape Town 2018)]
d6 Willem Maurits Swellengrebel baptised
d7 Claudina Constantia Swellengrebel baptised
d8 Ertman Balthasar Swellengrebel baptised
Rijk Tulbagh(Utrecht 14 May 1699 – Cape Town 11 August 1771)
Rijk Tulbagh son of Dirk Tulbagh & Catharina Cattepoel; comes from Bergen op Zoom; adelborst 1716 on Ter Horst; appointed assistant, 1st sworn clerk, ondercoopman & secretary of Political Council, coopman & oppercoopman & secunde; Cape VOC governor (1750-1771); marries Cape Elisabeth Swellengrebel, daughter of Johannes Swellengrebel (from Moscow) & Johanna Cruse [C 225: Requesten en Nominatiën, 1718, no. 49, pp. 209-210; CJ 2653: Testamenten, 1727-1731, no. 29, pp. 126-129; MOOC 7/19: Testamenten, 1769-1771, no. 78]; 2 sons:
b1Willem Jan Tulbagh
b2Johannes Dirk Tulbagh
Ryk Tulbagh (Utrecht 14 May 1699 – Cape Town 11 August 1771) – governor of Dutch Cape Colony (27 February 1751 – 11 August 1771) under Dutch East India Company (VOC); son of Dirk Tulbagh & Catharina Cattepoel, who moves their family to Bergen op Zoom when he is still an infant; attends Latin school; as 16-year-old, enlists in VOC & sails (1716) as cadet on ship Huys Terhorst to South Africa. Career with Company advances rapidly; appointed (1716) temporary assistant to Council of Policy & receives full appointment (1718); chief clerk (1723) & later in same year book-keeper; secretary to Council of Policy (1725); junior Merchant (1726). Merchant (1732); secunde (1739) – (2nd highest administrative post) & appointed governor (27 February 1751); marries (1725) Elizabeth Swellengrebel, sister of Hendrik Swellengrebel, governor of Cape Colony at the time; she dies (1753); he dies (1771) & is buried in Groote Kerk in grave of wife & father-in-law; known for importing from Batavia 124-provision Sumptuary Law restricting extravagance. Cape law, promulgated (1755) at request of Batavia Governor-General Jacob Mossel, declares that only he could decorate his carriage with the colonial coat of arms & that he & Council alone can dress their coaches in livery; lower officials & their wives are prohibited from carrying umbrellas (called kiepersol or parasols & a major status symbol), & all women are banned from lining dresses with silk or velvet – then-current fashion of gowns with a train is forbidden, as are any frippery at funerals; also codifies Tulbagh Code of colonial slave law, published (1754) easing restrictions somewhat, only imposing the death penalty on those who killed their masters versus forced labor for lesser offences, allowing them to practice a trade to support themselves and buy their freedom as well as others’, & placing said free-blacks (called Vryswartes) on an equal legal footing with white settlers; nicknamed Father Tulbagh for introducing road maintenance, firefighting, & police among other civil services, he does much to temper the smallpox epidemics (1755 & 1767), which wipes out almost the entire Khoekhoe population of the area. 1st is the worst to hit the white population, bringing it down from 6,110 to 5,123 in spite of high birth rates, & also kills over 500 slaves – 2nd one killed more than 500 people & is not eliminated (until 1770); builds (1761) 1st library at the Cape to house books donated by Joachim Nikolaus von Dessin, secretary of Orphan Chamber & guardian of estates; of an intellectual & benevolent disposition; writes Latin & French & enjoys company of several foreign intellectuals who visit the Cape during his governorship – these include the astronomers Nicolas-Louis de La Caille, Charles Mason & Jeremiah Dixon & French writer Bernardin de Saint-Pierre; corresponds with several botanists including Carl Linnaeus & sends him more than 200 specimens of local plants; Linnaeus named the plant Tulbaghia in his honour; sends (1752) expedition northeast – largest since that of Simon van der Stel (1685) which travels through the lands of the Thembu & Xhosa by the Qora River, returning 8 months later. Later, Captain Hendrik Hop journeys north of the Orange River, in part to determine how far inland cattle farmers had settled; declares (1770) the Gamtoos River the eastern border of the Swellendam district & Swartberg mountains the northern one, but is unable to defend them; Western Cape town of Tulbagh is named after him; no portrait of him is known.
Sources
Büttner, H.D., Kennis: die eerste Afrikaanse ensiklopedie in kleur, vol 4, p. 681 (Human & Rousseau, Cape Town 1980)
De Kock, W.J., & Krüger, D.W. (eds.), Dictionary of South African Biography, vol. II (Human Sciences Resource Council / Tafelberg, Cape Town 1972)
Gledhill, D., The Names of Plants (Cambridge University Press 2008)
Spilhaus, Margaret Whiting, Company’s Men (J. Malherbe 1973)
Theal, George McCall, History of South Africa 1691-1795 (S. Sonnenschein & Company 1888) pp. 137-183.
Wêreldspektrum, vol. 27, pp. 166-167 (Ensiklopedie Afrikana, Roodepoort 1982)
Van de Caab / Caap / Caep / Kaap and van Cabo as indicators of Cape of Good Hope provenance are … mostly … not interchangeable. Cases do exist, however, in the records where they are interchangeable. But bear in mind that the Afrikaans ‘van die Kaap’ was introduced – most problematically – by Dutch-born C. Pama when revising C.C. De Villiers’s magnum opus on old Cape families in 1966 to separate those individuals deemed to be non-white …
The usage of Cabo is in line with the European convention to stick to the names of places originally mapped by European ‘discoverers’ and/or cartographers. The VOC’s occupation of the Cape meant recognising and using the original Portuguese-designated Cabo da Boa Esperança (or variations thereof) and using the name in mostly formal or ‘official’ situations as the name of their colony which in time ‘evolves’ and also becomes more informally designated de Caab / de Caep … some of the confusing interchangeability can be ascribed to the particular scribes involved in the writing up of the record and his peculiar application of the toponym – certainly a more seasoned or local scribe would have been able to distinguish between the Cape subtleties of ‘van Cabo’ vs ‘van de Caab’ which seem to have relied heavily on perceived respectability and one’s place in the Cape colonial hierarchy …
My experience of the tag used in original (not published) records is that it is generally a toponym used after people’s first names – where no family or surname exists] and after surnames – but that it does, to a much lesser extent, appear as a (mostly temporary) surname.
Some examples:
Anna Maria van de Caap married firstly Claes Beu van Ditmaarsen. This same woman married secondly as Anna Maria van Cabo de Goede Hoop, weduwe van Claas Beu and is later found in records as Anna Maria Dominicus.
Anna Groothenning van Bengale and Angela van Bengale were both manumitted slave woman from Bengal – one with a ‘surname’ / patronym the other without.
Jan de Zousa van Calijjepatnam was a mardijker also from the Indian sub-continent.
Christoffel Snijman van de Caep was a mestizzo born in slavery but freed on his mother’s marriage to a mardijkerAnthonij Jansz van Bengale, aliasAnthonij van Bengalealias Anthonij de Later van Bengale
Petronella van Bengale (half-sister to Christoffel Snijman) was a mestizza born in slavery but freed on her mother’s marriage to a mardijker Anthonij Jansz van Bengale, alias Anthonij van Bengale aliasAnthonij de Later van Bengale. Originally recorded as Petronella van de Caep, she later went by the toponym-now-surname Petronella van Bengalebeing (and acknowledged as) the stepdaughter of Anthonij van Bengale.
Given the many sensitivities about nomenclature (semantics, politics, precision, standardisation, institutionalisation etc) the use of Van die Kaap is deserving of a more detailed enquiry.
For what they may be worth, a few comments:
1. It helps to distinguish the following concepts: surname, family name, patronym and toponym.
2. The use of Van de Caab / Caep, van die Kaap and van Cabo [de Boa Esperance]
(a) in published sources
(b) in original records or primary sources
This distinction is crucial, I think, because published genealogies are invariably the products of selective research and memory – or put differently, politically-contrived. Logically, all Cape-born individuals should be v.d.K. – so why the limited use in these sources to identify thus only non-white individuals?
3. The meaning of van die Kaap.
I prefer to translate the phrase as from the Cape and not of the Cape. My reason for this is that VOC officialdom were meticulous about recording their subjects in terms of their provenances or places of origin. Bear in mind too that in Christian countries, people were bound to their parishes and could only relocate with permission. Subjects are taxable and for this reason too they cannot be allowed to roam without a fixed address / abode. Even now our places of birth are determinants of our official identity as taxable and rule-able individuals.
I try to use the contemporary spelling of Cape to eliminate misunderstanding. The Dutch often retained the Portuguese name of the Cape of Good Hope as official name – sometimes with the ‘Hope’ part being gallicised. Scrutiny of original records will reveal a discernible bias towards non-slave and non-Free-Black children being referred to as van Cabo as opposed to van de Caep for non-whites generally. There are exceptions, however. Mrs Visser (Catharina Everts van der Zee) who was born at sea hence her peculiar toponym, is in one instance in the records referred to as Catrijn van de Caap.
The role of respectability is likely to have influenced the sometimes inconsistent use in original records of the tag from the Cape.
In a book review of Dutch novelist Henk van Woerden’s latest novel about Tsafendas (Wilhelm Snyman, ‘The deed that symbolised the mortality of apartheid’, B.O.O.K.S, Cape Times 24 March 2000, p. 8), acknowledging that his Dutch heritage gives him a particular sensitivity to the South African situation, the author is quoted:
“I am interested in history and I don’t understand why the Dutch today refuse to acknowledge that they started this colony, and that they are in part responsible for all the misery – slavery for example … In South Africa, history stops at the Boer War. For the Dutch, history stops at the second World War – anything beyond that is almost inconceivable …”
Against the background of recent papal agonising about past Roman Catholic atrocities, Van Woerden’s words are food for thought. Although his singular (trendy?) example of slavery adumbrates his concerns, could he not have endeared us more by also referring to Dutch dehumanisation and effacement of the Khoe / San?
While reading about raids (both official and unofficial) against whole ‘Hottentot’ villages, Peter Kolbe (1719) singled out certain prominent founding fathers as being companions to the ‘dronklap’ and debauched Gerrit Jansz: van Deventer (Dronke Gerrit): Frederik Botha (stamvader), Theunis Botha (stamvader’s son), Wynand Wynandszoon (son of the Bezuidenhout stamvader) and Hans Jacob Brits (stamvader).
The prominence of members of the BOTHA family (my own ancestors) has its own irony when wondering how exactly the Kat River Colony ‘rebel’-on-death-row (and headman of the remnants of the Gonaqua) Andries Botha would have been related ‘by blood’ (ie also genealogically) …
Veldkornet Andries Botha, war hero and politician
Field Cornet Andries Botha – influential Khoe leader of the Kat River Cape Colony. Probably born at end of 1700s, and as young man in 1830s recorded as powerful leader of Gonaqua (Gona) Khoe at the Kat River Settlements. Surveyor General of Cape Colony, W.F. Hertzog, records him (1834) as arriving at Kat River (1829), among followers of Khoe leader Kobus Boezak who migrate from Theopolis. Young Andries Botha and his community immediately split from Boezak’s group and settle on the banks of Buxton River – a Kat River tributary – where he builds his farming estate. At one time he is acknowledged civilian and military leader of the entire Kat River region. He has a troubled family life losing his 1st wife (1841) and further family strife remarrying a widow with whom he is extremely happy but estranged from the children from his 1st marriage.
Distinction in Frontier Wars
He and Khow commandos in great distinction in the frontier wars, fighting under Khoe Commandant Christian Groepe, withSirAndriesStockenström in assault (1846) on slopes of the Amatola. Bravery and martial ability of both him and his several hundred Khoe sharpshooters are repeatedly mentioned in accounts of the war, as is their habit of ignoring any order to retreat. At one point, he and a mixed handful of his (predominantlyKhoe) gunmen are surrounded in a valley by a large army of Sandile’s Xhosagunmen, and coming under heavy rifle fire from all sides. The tiny group fought off the enemy army for the entire day, before breaking out and riding back to the main army (from which they receive no support). Other dispatches from the 7th Frontier War describe him and followers after the Burns Hill ambush, riding directly into thick of fighting while rest of army retreat, simply to rescue the ammunition.
Rebellion (1850-51)
Retires to Kat River valley as local war hero – lauded for bravery and martial feats. Also builds up substantial farming estate, and is one of region’s wealthiest landowners. Several years later however, a vast range of grievances inflicted on the Khoe lead him to openly sympathize with those of Kat River Khoe who join rebellion (1850) – including at least two of his sons. Rebellion causes enormous devastation and upheaval in the Kat River settlements. In spite of this, and deserted by most of his family and followers, offers services and continuing loyalty to the Cape – defending Fort Armstrong and ensuring safe passage of officials such as Magistrate Wienand. His sons are captured (27 March 1851), and he immediately begins negotiations with Khoe rebel leader Willem Uithaalder (communications which are used against him in his later trial).
Treason Trials (1851-52)
After rebellion is suppressed, much of country descends into mood of vindictive hatred against Khoe rebels. Becomes target for reactionary political elements in frontier settler lobby and charged with high treason.
First Treason Trial (1851)
Hostility by Eastern Frontier settlers causes trial to move to Cape Town. Charges are withdrawn (May 1851) for lack of evidence.
2nd Treason Trial (1852)
In spite of release, soon re-arrested and brought before a new court (12 May 1852), in what becomes 2nd and more severe treason trial. New Judge isSir John Wylde, and trial quickly becomes a political show – possibly South Africa’s first. Nonetheless, he is defended by two of the colony’s top lawyers – Frank Watermeyer and Johannes Brand.
Convicted of high treason and sentenced to death, in spite of an incredibly strong defense. Outrage from friends and allies cause death sentence to be quickly changed to one of life imprisonment, however controversy continues. Both trials are immensely controversial as he is a respected war hero, held in high regard by many of those who fought with him (who are now also influential politicians).
Highly praised by ex-companions-in-arms John Molteno and AndriesStockenström, who write to London of him “Her Majesty has not in her dominions a more loyal subject, nor braver soldier”. Stockenström and James Read also give evidence in his defence. Altogether, the guilty verdict is held to be very unconvincing and whole event is seen as being a vindictive form of show-trial, with Botha even appearing in chains. After intense political pressure from his supporters, sentence is commuted and scrapped. Receives royal amnesty from the Queen (October 1855) together with 38 other convicted rebels.
Even after amnesty, not immediately permitted to return to Kat River, nor does he immediately receive compensation for the lands which are broken up and reassigned during the rebellion. However, further public support from Stockenström and other ex-companions-in-arms sees these decisions reversed. Receives (June 1862) substantial compensation for his properties and permitted (1865) to return to Kat River. Nonetheless, massive injustices inflicted on him and fellow ‘rebels’ has a lasting effect. He never recovers his former prosperity and influence.
In an even more lasting effect of the rebellion the Kat River region is attacked and suffers from removal of its legal protection – no longer reserved as land exclusively for the Khoe, and effectively broken up.
Old age and politics
Very little is known about his final years. Becomes involved in politics in his old age and speaks in the Cape Parliament in support of the movement for responsible Government. This support for a greater degree of independence from Britain (after a long life of loyalty) is possibly inspired by his terrible experiences of the rebellion and his treason trial. Also launches a fiery attack on the proposed ‘native policy’ of the opposition Eastern Cape Separatist League calling its leaders the Colesberg foxes. His last years are spent in retirement, living on the wool farm of a colleague from his early life, Robert Hart.
References
Dictionary of South African Biography
E.L. Nel, An evaluation of community-driven economic development, land tenure, and sustainable environmental development in the Kat River Valley (HSRC Press 2000)
C.W. Hutton (ed.), The autobiography of the late Sir Andries Stockenström, bart., sometime lieutenant-governor of the eastern province of the Cape of Good Hope (C.T., 1887, vol. 2. C.T. 1964)
Saul Solomon, The Trial of Andries Botha (Cape Town 1852)
P.A. Molteno, The life and times of Sir John Charles Molteno, KCMG, First Premier of Cape Colony, Comprising a History of Representative Institutions and Responsible Government at the Cape (London Smith, Elder & Co. 1900), vol. II. p. 211.
Imvubu, ‘Andries Botha’, Amathole Museum Newsletter, vol. 19, no. 2, August 2007, pp. 4-5
Historian Hermann Giliomee has extolled the virtues of the intellectual / creative writings of three men he considers to have enhanced the growth and esteem of the Afrikaans language: historian Piet van der Merwe, jurist J.C. de Wet and writer/philosopher N.P. van Wyk Louw (‘Afrikaans se groei en aansien deur gehalte van skeppende werk bepaal’, Die Burger 25 March 2000).
What makes them all the more admirable, he claims, is the fact that they chose to write in their ‘native’ tongue, thereby opting for a smaller audience even when their English capability (being unimpaired?) would have ensured them greater exposure, fame or appreciation.
But it is the lesser-known (even to most Afrikaans-speakers / writers?) Piet van der Merwe that gets the most exposure this time – all because of his pioneering work on the Cape migrant farmers (trekboere) which has finally been translated into at least English 60 years later.
The book is the story of the main bulk of ‘Afrikaners’ (Giliomee’s term) that lived in the 18th and 19th centuries. Giliomee considers Van der Merwe to have asked questions quite different from other ‘ordinary’ historians suggesting that he even may have been before-his-time. Furthermore, it is claimed that the work is remarkably free from racism.
Examples of such questions are:
* How did it happen that a small farming colony at the tip of Africa come to be transformed into a large permanent or established colony (‘vestigingskolonie’) having livestock as primary commodity?
* What values (‘waardes’) enabled them to escape (dodge?) a process of ‘verwildering’ (becoming degenerate? savage?) (‘ ‘… ‘n proses van verwildering vry te spring …”) whilst in terrific isolation?
* What were the influences of education and religion (‘die Statebybel’)?
* What race relations did they develop?
The bitter struggle for survival against the ‘Bushmen’, Van der Merwe regarded as a clash of different cultures and economies.
Van der Merwe’s questions appear to still linger in the minds of those struggling to deconstruct the concept ‘Afrikaner’. I somehow doubt whether his questions are particularly extraordinary or novel or pioneering.
His premise that migrant farmers were isolated and armed with values (superior?) that prevented them from falling into ‘savagery’ or ‘barbarism’, is not only questionable, but it is elitist. When will we acknowledge that ‘Hottentots’ – of all people – were/are not the lowest form of humanity? When will we be more amenable to the less prurient observations of visitor-writers like Schreyer, de Greyvensteyn, Peter Kolbet al?
Van der Merwe’s view that clashes with the Khoe / San amount simply to a ‘clash’ of different cultures and economies is reductionist.
In lauding Van der Merwe’s virtues as a racist-free(?) historian and far-seeing promoter of the Afrikaans language, Giliomee fails to appreciate that Van der Merwe’s view of cultures ‘clashing’ or ‘colliding’ is narrow when compared to an analysis that views cultures-in-conflict as something more than just collisions. Contacts and relationships also need to be taken into consideration.
The trekboers were NEVER in isolation.
After contact, comes collision, conflict, co-existence, cohabitation, tolerance and even merger …
There exists sufficient evidence that trekboer culture was no different to that of the ‘Hottentots’ (which latter term should be understood to cover a multitude of virtues: Bushman, Basters, outcasts, outlaws and Khoekhoe – detribalised or otherwise) and that the intercourse (in every sense of the word) between them and the indigenes was sufficiently advanced.
Genealogists can confirm this to some extent …
Did Namaqualanders on the northern frontier really manage (by means of some miracle) to dodge savagery and help preserve the nucleus of existing Western Christian ‘civilisation’ that we know today?
In an article (“Between Amsterdam and Batavia – Cape Society and the Calvinistic Church under the Dutch East India Company”, Kronos 1999), the Dutch academic Gerrit J. Schutte takes to task a “demagogic” Robert Shell of Children of Bondage– fame for demonising Calvinism as the driving force in segregating Cape (and ultimately South African) society.
In what some people might consider to be an exercise in apologism and not forgetting:
(1) a very apparent in-one’s-face rapprochement between Afrikanderdom and the so-called Stamlande (read Netherlands, Belgium, maybe Germany perhaps Britain but NOT India or `Indonesia and quite forgetting Indigenous ‘Hottentotdom’ …, eg Karel Schoeman’s latest scriblings (in Afrikaans) on the ‘Dutch Golden Age’ and greater Dutch / Flemish artistic journeys of discovery to Africa and participation at Stellenbosch and Oudshoorn);
(2) Dutch attempts to erase colonial guilt by exaggerating Dutch participation and instrumentalism in ‘liberating’ South Africans (their former colonial by-products or rejects) from ‘apartheid’; and
(3) the glowing Calvinistic legacy as propounded (naively?) by W.A. De Klerk in his The Puritans of Africa;
(4) ‘Afrikaner’ soul-searching and liberal disavowal by people as varied as Dr Neels Smit, Christina Landman, Elisabeth Eybers, André du Toit and Allister Sparks …
can we blame Gerrit Schutte for wanting to absolve Dutch ‘christian practice’ in creating a segregated society at Africa’s remotest corner?
Certainly, blaming Calvinism (defined as what?), is an over-simplistic cop-out that damns only a minority-within-a-minority and grants automatic amnesty to the many colonised (not-necessarily ‘white’) minds of the ‘African’ majority.
Schutte’s arguments, I would opine, are convincing vis-à-vis Shell’s “unhistorical” views and interpretation of early Cape colonial society. But he does not go beyond demolition. He does not posit (never mind prove) any real reasons why, for example, until 1825 the church council at Stellenbosch was content to treat its technicoloured parishioners as being ‘equal’ before God. Thereafter a volte-face ensued whereby the church bowed to “growing social segregation” (what does this mean?) thereby separating “coloured church members” in terms of Holy communion.
Why?
What caused this about-turn? We are still living with its consequences … even genealogical.
The separation of church registers and the prior selective retrieval of data from these records has left us in the dark as to a fuller picture also to the whereabouts, existence, behaviour, failings, right to baptism etc of some of our ancestors.
Anyone care to debate a little on this important issue?
By a proclamation (26 April 1816) the registration of Slaves was made compulsory.
Such a measure is necessitated by “the numerous manumissions which take place, and the large class of Negro Apprentices, (which has of late years been, by decisions of the Court of Vice Admiralty, greatly encreased)”, and the expediency “that the most minute precautions should be taken to prevent the possibility of such free persons, or their offspring, merging into a state of Slavery, or being confounded with the domestic or other Slaves, the property of individuals in this Settlement.” An office is established in Cape Town “for the purpose of keeping exact Registers of all Slaves within the Colony” and managed by an Inspector and an Assistant Inspector.
Similar offices are established in each of the country districts “under the immediate inspection of the Landdrost, and in correspondence with, and under the control of, the principal office in Cape Town.”
These offices are placed under District Clerks.
As there is no District Clerk at Stellenbosch the duties in question are to be carried out by the Secretary for the Drostdy.
The registration is explained by the following clause: –
“Every Proprietor of a Slave shall be bound to enter at the office of the District, in which he resides, by name and sex, all his or her Slaves, stating their respective ages … country, and occupations, and also to report and receive a Certificate of all manumissions, transfers, inheritances, births, deaths, or changes of property, as the case may be”.
An alphabetical register of proprietors within Cape Town, the Cape District and Simonstown, giving the names and all particulars of the slaves of each person, and what happened to them, was to be kept in the office of the Inspector of the Enregisterment.
Similar registers are kept in the country districts and copies there – of transmitted monthly to the Chief Office in Cape Town.
The 1st to occupy the post of Inspector is Major George Rogers.
[1/21 (Inventory of the Archives of the Registrar and Guardian of Slaves, 1717-1848 Registrar: Protector)]
1707: Anna van Banchem, widow of Guillaume (Guilliam) Eems / Heems who marries (2ndly) burgerraad s:r Hendrik Möller / Mulder
28 April 1709 Cape-born burgerraad s:r Hendrik Möller / Mulder (1683-1720)
1720: Anna van Banchem, widow of burgerraad s:r Hendrik Möller(1683-1720)
1726: Guilliam Heems Jr.
17 February 1758: Jacob van Reenen (from Memel)
13 September 1758: Jacob Friedrich Nöthling (from Deetz, Brandenburg)
1774: Johannes (Jan) Roep / Rupp (from Hanau)
1783: Peter Henken aka Pieter Heintjes / Henkes (from Goldap – Voivodeship of Warmian-Masurian, Poland)
1804: Justinus (Justus) Nikolaus Keer / Keur (from Eisenach, Saxony)
1805: Honoratus Conrad Maynier (from Leipzig) – adds over 77 morgen to place, beautifies buildings, plants many oak trees & names it Protea;
Sir Lowry Cole – British Governor of the Cape (1828-1843)
1836: Andreas Brink
1842: Honoratius Maynier – grandson of former owner
1834: Protea Village established on portion of farm by emancipated slaves to settle on condition they work for landlord
1848: BishopRobert Gray arrives at Cape & rents Protea
1851: Miss Burdett-Coutts – Victorian philanthropist – purchases farm on behalf of Colonial Bishopric Fund which renames it Bishopscourt as residence for Bishop for princely sum of £4000; Bishop Gray establishes school hold prayer services & exercises pastoral care for 83 villagers
Present: official residence of Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town
Comp:[areer]de voor nagenoemde gecomm.[itteerden] rade van Justitie deses commandements Marije van de Caep[inserted]vrij swartinne out omtrent 24jaer dewelke ter requisitie van den fiscael in loco [inserted]S:[ieu]r Cornelis Linnes v[er]claerde hoe waer is dat sij deposante logeerende oft wonende ten huijse van Anna van Guinëa in de Tafelvalleij alhier, gesien heeft dat Lijsbet voordogter van voorn:[oemd]e Anna van Guinëa, op den 11 deser des avonts droncken int’ huijs gecomen [inserted] sijnde [deleted: aleenend dat deselve] doenmaels wel met Bastiaen Janse van s’Gravensan daer in huijs wonende en met haer Lijsbets suster Marij[deleted: van de Caep] [inserted in margin]anders genaemt Swarten Evert Marij in woorden en oock met vuijsten hand gemeen geweest is; maer [deleted: dan] egter [inserted] niet dat de geseijde Lijsbet haer genoemde moeder [deleted: niet] en heeft geslagen, oft qualijck bejegendt als hebbende sij deposante gehoort dat deselve Lijsbeth gedurende de questie en gevegt riep – mijn moeder mag mij wel slaen, maar soo mijn suster, sij denoterende sij deposante daermede de geseijde Marij, mij slaet, soo sal ick weerom slaen, V[er]eers verclaerde deposante mede waer te sijn dat den voorn:[oemde]Bastiaen en Marij te samen als getrouwde lieden met den anderen leven [de] [last part of afore-mentioned word deleted], spreecken [de][last part of afore-mentioned word deleted] [inserted] eten en t’ samen in den tuijn wercken [de] [last part of afore-mentioned word deleted], sonder nogtans [deleted: egter] dat haer deposante bekent is dat deselver te samen [inserted]hebben op een koij[deleted: slapen, maer leedege] slapen, maer [deleted: dat] wel [deleted: dat sij beijde te saam slapen in een affdack] [inserted] in een afdack, alwaer maer eene koij staet, t’ gene v[oor]z: is v[er]claerde sij deposante te sijnde op regte waerheijt, te vreden sijnde t’selve des noots behoort met eede gestandt te doen gedaen aen de Caep de Goede Hoop den 25 April 1689.
Ons praesent als
gecomm:[itteerden]
[signed]J.[ohann]H.[einrich] Blum
[signed]Adriaen van Reede
dit is het merck
van Marij de
deposant
X
mij praesent
[signed]M:[elchior] Kemels
secr[e]t[ari]s:
[Cape Archives (CA): CJ 291 (Criminele Processtukken), 25 April 1689, pp. 233-234 – transcribed by Mansell G. Upham]
Muatze 
