Verbatim Transcription of Original Will of Jonker van Macassar

by Mansell G. Upham ©

Verbatim Transcription of Original Will (Council of Justice) – Jonker van Macassar (1727)[1]

J:[osephu]s de Grandpreez[2]                                                                                                                                             19

                                                                                                                                                5 /

Dit Zeegel behoord

tot `t inleggende Testament, gepasseerd

door Jonker van Macassar, in Dato

24 Januarij 1727

                                                                                                                                                                20

Huijden den 24e Januarij 1727 Compareerde voor mij Daniel Thiebault[3] Secret:[ari]s van den E:[dele] Agtb:[a]re Raad van Justitie deeses gouvernm:[ent]s ter praesentie van de naarben:[oemd]e getuigen, Jonker van Maccassar Vrij gegeevene Leijffeijgen [inserted – mij Secretaris getuijgen bekent][4], siekelijk te bedde leggende, dog zijn verstand, sinnen en memorie volkoomen magtig ende gebruijkende, gelijk ons is gebleecken, dewelke bij vertolking uijt het portugeez in `t neederduijtsch te kennen gaft, hoe dat hij alvoorens deese weereld te verlaaten geneegen was over zijne tijdelijke goederen te beveelen en disponeeren, sulx doende uijt eijgenen Vrije wille sonder aanraading van iemand ter weereld.

Voor af revoceerende alle maakinge die hij voor dato deses mogte hebben gepasseert, als niet wiellende dat eene van dien in `t minste kragt grijpen of effect sorteeren sal of sullen, maar gehouden voor nietig en van onwaarde, invoegen nooijt was of waren gepasseert, betuijgende voorts  geene vrinden te hebben, aan wien hij eenige maakinge Schuldig is.

Van nieuws disponeerende, soo verclaarde den Comp:[aran]t voor af te legateeren, maken ende te bespreeken aan [deleted – sijne Concubine] de vrijswartinne[5] Rosetta van Java, een slaave jonge gen:[aam]t Alexander van Couchin[6],  /: sonder dat hier tegens eenige oppositie van iemand zal mogen geschieden, omme met den selven naa zijn Comp:[aran]ts ov:[er]leijden te doen en handelen als met haar Vrije eijgen goed sonder Contradictie van iemand ter weereld.

Wijders betuijgde den Comp:[aran]t meede voor af te legateeren ende te bespreeken aan Zijne kinderen [deleted but underlined in dots – voorsz:[eijde] Concubine] [inserted – Rosetta] verwekt met naamen Jacob / [deleted – deese door een ander persoon geprocreeert]  / en Jamela, een slave jongen gen:[aam]t September[7][deleted – per] [inserted –  mitsg[a]d:[e]rs] aan Adul Jolle, en Raja [inserted – t` zamen] een slaave Jongen met naam Cassamie, welke [inserted – slaaven] nogtans met en benevens een Slaave jongen gen:[aam]t  Fortuijn van bougis /: die nooijt sal moogen Verkogt worden maar geduurende Zijne leeven onder haar Rosetta en sijne Comp:[aran]ts kinderen [inserted but deleted sal] [inserted – moeten woonen], [deleted – sullen moeten verbleijven / en onder haere opsigte van den Comp:[aran]ts Concubine Rosetta van Java voorn[oemd]e] [inserted – en] soo lange sullen moeten verblijven, tot dat de geZegde kinderen tot mondige Jaaren ofte andere geaprobeerde Staate sull[inserted – en] gekomen zijn, als wanneer ieder Zijn aanbedeelde slaav [inserted onverhindert] sal moogen naar sig neemen, sonder dat deselve kinderen eenige verdere preetentie op den boedel sullen moogen maken.

Tweedende dan tot verkiesinge van Erfgenamen, soo Verklaarde den Comp:[aran]t daar toe verkooren genomineert ende g`institueert te hebben, gelijk doet bij desen [deleted – zijne Concubine] [inserted – de vrijswartinne] Rosetta van Java voorn:[oem]t, en dat in alle Zijne goederen geene Exemptie soo roerende als onroerende, actien, Crediten, verschulden, Erffenissen en besterffenissen, Eijndelijk alle `t gene hij met` er dood sal koomen te ontruijmen en naar te laaten, omme daar meede te doen en handelen als met haar vrije eijgen goed, sonder teegenspreeking Van iemand ter weereld; mits nogtans dat deselve gehouden blijft aan haar zoon gen:[aam]t Jacob uijt te keere sodanige somma van Rixd:[aalde]rs 50 als hem uijt den boedel is Competeerende weijders ook zijn Comp[aran]:ts kinderen eerlike en deugdelijk op te voeden, tot haaren mondige Jaaren ofte anderen geapprobeerde Staate, als wanneer aan een is gelijk haar aanbedeelde slaav sal moeten laaten volgen, in welke gevalle hij haar tot Voogdesse over deselve aan stellende ende verkiesende;

Uijtsluijtende hij Testateur ten dien eijnde de Heeren weesmeesteren deeser Steede ofte eenige andere die haar niet zijn boedel souden willen bemoeijen all deselve ende een ieder van dien voor hare des anders te neemene moeijte needrig bedankende.

Alle `t geene Voorsz:[eijde] staat den Comp:[aran]t duijdelijk voorgeleesen ende [deleted – de] in de portugeeze Taale te verstaan gegeeven Zijnde, verklaarde hij het selve te weesen zijn Testament.

Laatste en uijttens te wille, meeninge en de regeerte, willende en beijkenende dat het selve daar Voor Valideeren en Effect sorteeren sal `t zij onder welcke benaaminge van uijtterste wille het ook mogte zijn, niet teegenstaande eenige omstandingheeden waaren versuijmt die hij houd als volkoomen deeser ingelijft te zijn, ter dien eijnde ter soekene het Nobille beneficiuren Judicis.

`T gunst Aldus passeerd aan Cabo de goede Hoop ten woonhuijse van den Com:[paran]t op Jaar en dage Voorsz[eijde]: [deleted – ter overstaan van]  des Voormiddags de Clokke omtrent twaalf uuren, ter overstaan van Martinus Heems[8], en Johannes Henricus Blanckenberg[9], als getuigen van geloove hier toe Versogte, dewelke soo wel als mij Secret:[ari]s de portugeese Taale kreekende hem alle `t voorenstaande hebben te verstaan gegeeven, en is haar praesentie betuijgt in diervoegen Zijn Volkomene meeninge te weesen.

Dit merk X is door Jonker

van X Macasser gestalt

In kennisse van mij

[signed] D:[anie]l Thibault

Secret:[ari]s

Als Getuijgen

[signed] M:[artinu]s Heems

[signed ] J.[ohannes]H.[enricus] Blanckenberg


[1] There is no unequivocal proof that Jonker van Macassar actually dies in 1727 or that his will is probated in that same year – notwithstanding the fact the copy of his will is noted as being presented to (& filed with) the Orphan Chamber & the original also filed with the Council of Justice. Significantly, no Inventory, Liquidation & Distribution Accounts or Vendu Rol for any deceased estate can be traced. The likelihood remains that his will was deemed invalid on the basis that his children were still enslaved & legally unentitled to inherit.  Comparison between the original will & the copy – especially regarding the deleted sections & peculiar rewording – reveal the testatator`s &/or official anxiety concerning the changed legal status of his concubine  Rosetta van Java as a free person & the unchanged slave status of the prince`s illegitimate children by his formerly enslaved  concubine.

[2] Son of Noel Joseph de Grandpreez & Bernardina Mousson de la Grenieurie; arrives as soldier (1720); assistant (1722); succeeds (1724) Rijk Tulbagh as 1st sworn clerk; secretary of Council of Justice (1728); merchant  & secretary of Council of Policy (1741-1761); marries Cape-born Louisa Adriana Slotsboo, daughter of the Dane Kaije Jesse Slotsboo & the Cape-born Aletta Beck. [CA: MOOC 7/12 (Testamenten, 1760-1762), nos. 19 & 20).

[3] Daniel Thibault; secretary of Court of Justice (1715-1718); goes to India (1702), arriving at Cape (1705) on IJsselmonde; appointed secretary of  Court of Justice by Governor Louis van Assenburgh (1710)  at f 16; VOC Comissioner de Vos promotes him to bookkeeper (1711) with salary at f 30; begs to promotion to junior merchant; member of Orphan Board; marries Cape-born Aletta de Beer [H.C.V. Leibbrandt, Précis of the Archives of the Cape of Good Hope: Requesten, no. 136 (1717) & no. 35 (1718): “(no. 48 ?). 1719: Thibault, Daniel; made member of the Orphan Board. (No. 140. 11th December). 1719”].  Their daughter Anna Thibault marries Johannes Ley, younger brother of Nicolaas Ley.

[4] This curious provision should be read against the backdrop of a letter received from Batavia (4 May 1705) allowing the Cape authorities the discretion to allow convicted (also political or both) Batavian exiles (technically Company slaves) to either make their own living as `freemen` or, if dangerous or disobedient, to be put to hard labour: “The time-expired convicts who do not conduct themselves well, or cannot show how they earn or intend to earn a living may be kept in chains, & all those already released from their chains but behave badly, are again to be put in irons to prevent them from doing mischief …”. The evidence points to Kaicil Mahmud being allowed to live as a free subject until he later runs foul of the law. Even his relegation to Robben Island is dealt with extra-judicially. The exiled Prince van Ternate`s legal status is shrouded in uncertainty on arrival – not as one of the other political exiles (technically free but in quasi-slavery while in exile in Ceylon & the Cape) with their slave entourages ex Ceylon & ex Batavia – but as a convicted rapist exiled to the Cape to avoid (for political reasons) being sentenced to death – thus a quasi-political-cum-criminal bandiet. During the Van der Stel père et fils governorships & thereafter, these Indonesian exiles are tolerated as `free-folk` (ie non-enslaved) & generally assigned minimal subservient duties to the Company subject to being treated as slaves if they misbehaved.

[5] As no manumission can be found on record, the presumption is that she, being part of Kaicil Mahmud`s extended household & already mother to a halfslag entitled to automatic freedom on obtaining legal majority, was likely to have been freed extra-judicially by Governor Louis van Assenburg at the time of Kaicil Mahmud`s relegation to Robben Island as a special measure to enable her to manage the prince`s affairs & foster their children (& her halfslag voorzoon) during his absence from the mainland.

[6] Cochin [Kochi] is the main port in Kerala on the Malabar Coast of India. He is very likely to be the same person as Leander van Malabar likely sold (24 May 1718) November [? sic – a misreading for Alexander / Leander] van [no toponym] by Matthijs Perreira to Jonkers van Macassar for 100.00 & the same person who as Leander van Malabar [? Alexander van Couchin [Cochin]] petitions (1721) the Council of Policy to ensure that “so-called Prince of Ternate” Kaicil Mahmud  named Dayan Mamodie, Prince of Kalomato liberates him as promised & bought by the prince at a sale on the farm of Samuel Elsevier for Rds. 201. Kaicil Mahmud had promised Leander that if refunded with the same amount, he would give him his liberty. Leander saves the money & duly pays the prince who takes his money but refuses free him. As evidence, Leander tenders the receipt with the prince`s mark witnessed by Rijk Tulbagh.  His petition appears to have been unsuccessful.

[7] The same person later found as September van Manda sold (11 August 1730) by Rosetta van Java to Martin Heem aka Marthinus Heems who is a witnesses to the will (1727) of Jonker van Macassar] for 120.00His toponym suggests that he likely hailed from Mandar / Mandaar, the region in the Western part of Celebes [Sulawesi, Indonesia] inhabited by the Suku Mandar – the Mandarese people.

[8] Marthinus Heems (1703-1754) (born Cape 1703), son of Roman Catholic Guilliaume Heems (from Brughes, Flanders) & the Cape-born Anna van Banchem & also step-son of his wife`s Cape-born brother Hendrik Möller (son of Hendrik Christoffel Möller from Hamburg & Margaretha Marquardt from Hamburg); assistant (1720); junior merchant (onder coopman); dies (1754); marries (14 April 1726) his step-father`s Cape-born sister Maria Möller – sister to 1st wife of Abraham Decker (1697-1752) (from Amsterdam), Regina Möller (dies 1736). Decker & his 2nd wife take in Kaicil Mahmud`s son Abdullah – later baptized Adolph adopting the sobriquet / family name Jonker.

[9] Son of Johannes Blankenberg (from Berlin) & the Cape-born Catharina Bouman.

Zonquasdrift … and multiple ancestral involvement therein …

by Mansell G. Upham ©

Weskus Heritage

Zonquasdrift is the name of a natural crossing over the Berg River or a ‘drift’ in Dutch, which eventually became a ‘drif’ in Afrikaans. Historians tell us that the existence of the crossing has been well documented under that name since at least 1660 when the Dutch colonists first used it to cross the natural hindrance to their passage into the interior, created by the Berg River.  In more modern times Zonquasdrift has also become known as the end of the first stage of the four day Berg River canoe marathon. The farm Zonquasdrift was originally granted in the early 1700s. Rather self-evidently, the crossing is on that original grant.” [Mettenheimer v Zonquasdrif Vineyards CC (965/12) [2013] ZASCA 152 (19 November 2013) – https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZASCA/2013/152.html]

The farm starts out (by 1700) as a VOC military outpost manned by 5 soldiers and features prominently in the early 1700s when commandos are sent out to rid the region of marauding Sonqua [Bushmen]. The following 3 soldiers man (1705) the post: the adelborst Marten / Marthinus Ackermann / Akkerman (from Doorlag – Dorla / Oberdorla, Thuringia); the soldier Cornelis Carelsz: (from Weesp, North Holland), and the soldier Andries Renberg (from Stockholm, Sweden).

The outpost is also visited (1705) by my Leiden University-educated botanist maternal 8x great-grandfather:

Johann Hartog (from Aachen) …

The buitenpost is soon disbanded (1706) [[CA: C 508 Uitgaande Brieven: W.A. van der Stel – Heren XVII, 31 March 1706. p. 975; Dan Sleigh, Die Buiteposte: VOC-Buiteposte onder Kaapse Bestuur 1652-1795 (Protea Boekhuis, Pretoria 2004) p. 719] and granted (27 August 1714) to Cape-born:

Johannes Coetzee (baptised Stellenbosch 1 February 1688).

Thereafter, the place is sold to the Stellenbosch Heemraad:

Jan Botma: (1665-1724)

een plaats ofte hofsteede gen:[aam]d Zonquasdoordrift geleegen onder ’t district van Drakenstein;

belonging soon thereafter to his widow:

Steijntje Christoffelse de Bruijn weed:[w]e den oud Stellenbosche heemraad Jan Botma (1670-1719),

she bequeaths (1724) the farm – minus the opstal – to her freed slave who is also my maternal 6x great-grandfather:

Jan Jacobsz: van de Caab

the son of the freed slave:

Maria van Angola

by the slave (purchased and freed by his biological son):

Jacob van Macassar:

… een plaats ofte hofstede gelegen aan de Bergrevier onder Drakenstein gen:[aam]t Sanguas Deurdrift gehorende volgens contract door den overledene gemaakt aan den landbouwer Jan Jacobsz: van de Caab mits deselve aan den boedel betale ƒ1200 op 3 paaijen behalven de opstal daarop staande, dewelke getax:t is op ƒ180 omme door hem mede betaalt te werden.

Thereafter Jan Jacobsz: van de Caab farms at Alles Verloren at Riebeeck West (until 1737) while Sonquasdoordrift, district Drakenstein passes (1763) to my 6x (double!) paternal great-grandfather:

Pieter Wiese (1718-1780) & his wife Margaretha Swart (1724-1791)

Stellenbosch University, André Pretorius collection 1986

The farm is then sold (1788) to Pieter (Petrus) Johannes Louw – brother to my ancestor Jacobus Gideon Louw and half-brother to ancestors Johanna Durand and Susanna Durand.

Insolvent, the farm is sold thereafter (1793) to my maternal 4x great-grandfather den oud ouderling:

d’edele Christoffel Lombaard (1726-1796),

Stellenbosch University, André Pretorius collection 1986

who then bequeaths (1798) it to:

Daniel Stephanus Lombard (born 1763)

the elder half-brother of my 3x great-grandfather:

Stephanus Sebastiaan Lombard (1786-1865);

Stellenbosch University, André Pretorius collection 1986

but is then soon purchased (1801) by:

Jacobus Redelinghuys (1770-1834)

and then to his son:

Johannes Hermanus Redelinghuys (1793-1857)

Weskus Heritage

SOURCES

Cape Archives (CA):

MOOC 8/21, no. 35 Christoffel Lombaard 25 April 1796 Inventaris van alle zodanige goederen en effecten, als ’er op den negen en twintigsten Maart deeses jaars ab intestato met ’er dood zijn ontruijmd ende naargelaten door den oud ouderling d’edele Christoffel Lombaard

VC 40 (1705)

Hans Fransen, ‘Regional differences in Cape vernacular architecture’, Vernacular Architecture Society of South Africa (VASSA) Journal no. 22 (December 2009), p. 21

Stuart Harris, ‘WHO’S WHERE IN CAPE ARCHITECTURE A directory of people and places Compiled from Hans Fransen’s The Old Buildings of the Cape with additional material from De Villiers and Pama’s genealogies, The Dictionary of South African Biography and other sources’, Vernacular Architecture Society of South Africa (2006)

John Hoge, ‘Personalia of the Germans at the Cape 1652-1806‘, Archives Year Book for South African History / Argief-jaarboek vir Suid-Afrikaanse Geskiedenis (Government Printer, Cape Town 1946).

Weskus Heritage

The Cry of South Africa (1900)

The Cry of South Africa (1900)

Give back my dead!

They who by kop and fountain

First saw the light upon my rocky breast!

Give back my dead,

The sons who played upon me

When childhood’s dews still rested on their heads.

Give back my dead

Whom thou hast riven from me

By arms of men loud called from earth’s farthest bound

To wet my bosom with my children’s blood!

Give back my dead,

The dead who grew upon me!

– Olive Schreiner (1855-1920), Wagenaarskraal, Drie Susters (9 May 1900)

Pieter (Petrus) MARAIS (1726-1775)

by Mansell G. Upham ©

My 6x maternal great-grandfather – he was great-great-great-grandfather to my great-granny Jeanetta / Iconetta (Kitty) Christina DALE, born MARAIS (1883-1963) and also the direct paternal ancestor of Eugene Nielen MARAIS (c. 1871-1936):

Pieter (Petrus) MARAIS (1726-1775) is baptised (24 March 1726) at Drakenstein [Paarl], the son of Daniel MARAIS and Aletta ROUSSEAU; and is the grandson of Charles MARAIS Jr. (from Hurepoix) and Anne des RUELLES (from Calais)

A descendant of French Protestant refugees hounded out of Louis XIV`s France and unceremoniously dumped (1688) by the Dutch Republic at the Cape of Good Hope …

His own great-grandfather Charles MARAIS Sr. (from Le Plessis-Marly [Longvilliers, Hurepoix, Isle de France] is the 1st Huguenot to die (1689) at the Cape …

An iconic moment …

Murdered in a shower of stones by the indigenes (`Hottentots` / Khoikhoi) of the land where he had sought refuge on his farm Le Plessis-Marly [now Plaisir-de- Merle] – named after the estate where he was born and belonging to the great freedom fighter Seigneur du Plessis-Marly Philippe de Mornay aka Philippe Duplessis-Mornay (1549-1623), outspoken French diplomat and well-known publicist for the Protestant cause during the French Wars of Religion (1562–98) and thought to have authored (1579) Vindiciae contra tyrannos (‘A Defense of Liberty Against Tyrants’) …

http://www.portagepub.com/products/law/vindiciae.html

Seigneur du Plessis-Marly Philippe de Mornay aka Philippe Duplessis-Mornay (1549-1623)

Notwithstanding his ancestor`s brutal killing, he mastered the Khoe (`Hottentot`) language undertaking a key exploratory expedition as interpreter into the African interior in the years 1761/1762 …

He farmed at the historic farm Kunnenburg serving as heemraad and deacon at Drakenstein dying (1776) in the Netherlands while making representations to the Classis in Amsterdam concerning a serious long-standing rift within the Drakenstein congregation …

Otto F. Mentzel writes (1787) the following about him:

“The Commando or expedition sent out in the years 1761/62, to obtain information about and look for a people called Damroquas or Birinas that wore clothes and had long hair and beards, was more suitable for this purpose than all previous expeditions, for besides the fact that they went farthest North, they had an African-born colonist with them called Peter Marais, who could speak both Dutch and the Hottentot language fluently and as a result, could speak to these tribes himself without an interpreter and inquire about everything.”

He marries (12 November 1752) Anna Margaretha KRIGE

Daughter of Wilhelm Adolph KRIGO [KRIGE] (from Lingen, Lower Saxony, Germany) and the Cape-born Johanna de VILLIERS

Granddaughter of French Protestant (Huguenot) refugee Jacques de VILLIERS (from Bourgogne via La Rochelle) and Marguerite GARDIOL (from Provence).